A unified approach to hadron phenomenology at zero and finite temperatures in a hard-wall AdS/QCD model

We propose a unified approach to study meson, nucleon and $\Delta$-baryon properties at zero and finite temperatures in the context of hard-wall AdS/QCD model. We first combine some previous works dealing with mesons and baryons separately, and introduce a new parameter~$\xi$ so that the model could give a universal description of spectrum and couplings of both sectors in a self-consistent way. All observables calculated numerically show reasonable agreement with experimental data. We then study these observables at nonzero temperature by modifying the AdS space-time into AdS-Schwartzchild space-time. Numerically solving the model, we find an interesting temperature dependence of the spectrum and the couplings. We also make a prediction on the finite temperature decay width of some nucleon and $\Delta$ excited states.Comment: 19 latex pages, 5 figures, final version for publicatio

A Priori Analysis of Subgrid-Scale Pressure in High Pressure H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e/O\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Mixing and Reacting Shear Layers

An a priori analysis of subgrid-scale pressure in high pressure combustion is carried out using three different flow fields obtained by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The simulations directly solve the Navier-Stokes equations of high pressure, transitional H2/O2 mixing and reacting shear layers employing a cubic Peng-Robinson real gas state equation. Detailed chemistry, multicomponent, differential, and cross diffusion are included. The results are analyzed to provide subgrid information relevant to Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion. The analysis includes a detailed comparison of the actual filtered pressure with its corresponding form evaluated with the filtered primitive variables. Although negligible for purely mixing cases, the gradient of the subgrid pressure is shown to be of the same order, or larger than, the corresponding divergence of the turbulent subgrid stresses for reacting cases. This is despite the fact that all species behave essentially as ideal gases f

New approaches to heterocyclic scaffolds using Diels-Alder chemistry

Isatin-derived 1,2,4-triazines were employed as electron deficient azadienes in inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) chemistry with tethered alkynyl dienophiles, leading to biologically interesting heterocyclic lactam- and lactone-annulated α-carbolines in excellent yields under microwave promotion. The chemistry scope was probed using various alkynyl amines and alcohols, and the impact of the tether length between the triazines and the dienophiles was also investigated. This IEDDA methodology was subsequently applied to the synthesis of an α-carboline library, producing eighty-eight members starting with various isatin-derived triazines, indole-derivatives, and propargylamine derivatives. In a related project, a regioselective Lewis acid catalyzed amidation of dimethyl 5H-pyridazino[4,5-b]indole-1,4-dicarboxylate was established to selectively direct the amidation to occur at either the C1 or C4 ester positions. This chemistry was then applied to tether dienophiles to the pyridazinoindole ring via an amide linkage. Subsequent IEDDA cycloadditions of these pyridazinoindole/dienophile pairs afforded carbazoles in excellent yields under thermal conditions. The scope of this chemistry scope was also thoroughly probed, leading to a library of one hundred and eighty-eight members. The synthesis of a third heterocyclic scaffold using Diels-Alder chemistry was also accomplished. Asymmetric cycloadditions of anthrone with various maleimides were successfully achieved using different chiral organocatalysts. The identity of the optimal catalytic system depended upon the dienophile, with good enantioselectivities achieved (78-83% ee). This chemistry was successfully applied as the stereocontrol element in a Diels-Alder/Functional Group Transformation/retro-Diels-Alder sequence to prepare alkaloidal scaffolds in an optically enriched form

Glycopolymers containing hydrophobic natural compounds

Les glucides interagissent avec les lectines, des protéines liant les sucres, pour médier de nombreuses activités cellulaires telles que l’infection bactérienne, le transfert du signal cellulaire, l’adhésion cellulaire et la croissance. Les glycopolymères sont des polymères contenant des sucres. Ils peuvent se lier à des lectines ou à des surfaces contenant de la lectine et peuvent donc être utilisés pour la séparation et l'élimination des toxines et bactéries contenant des lectines et pour la reconnaissance des cellules cancéreuses. Dans ce travail, trois copolymères contenant du galactose ont été conçus et synthétisés en introduisant d'autres composés biologiques de nature hydrophobe tels que la bétuline et l'acide cholique pour donner des copolymères amphiphiles. La bétuline est un composé naturel triterpénique ayant des activités anticancéreuses et antivirales. Son dérivé méthacrylate a été copolymérisé avec le glycomonomère par polymérisation RAFT pour préparer à la fois des copolymères statistiques et des copolymères séquencés. Leurs auto-assemblages forment des micelles. Les petites micelles formées par les copolymères statistiques ont facilité l'encapsulation du « Nile Red » et ont libéré davantage de ce composé hydrophobe. Ces glycopolymères interagissent avec une lectine se liant au galactose, RCA120, et forment des agrégats. Les copolymères séquencés forment des agrégats plus gros à une vitesse plus rapide que les copolymères statistiques. Les glycopolymères à base de bétuline peuvent servir de supports biocompatibles pour la libération ciblée de médicaments. Des glycopolymères séquencés portant des groupements latéraux de galactose, de dopamine et d'acide cholique (CA) ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT. Ces copolymères se sont auto-assemblés en micelles dans un milieu aqueux. Les groupements de dopamine, situés au niveau du noyau micellaire, ont été auto-polymérisés dans une solution faiblement basique, stabilisant les micelles à la fois dans l’eau et dans les solvants organiques. Les micelles réticulées avaient une taille plus petite que les précurseurs avant la réticulation. L'introduction d'un plus grand nombre de groupes CA dans les copolymères a favorisé l'auto-assemblage pour former des agrégats plus grands, contrôlé le degré de réticulation des micelles et facilité l'encapsulation de composés hydrophobes. Les micelles réticulées principales présentent une libération lente mais soutenue du Nile Red et interagissent efficacement avec RCA120, démontrant ainsi leur application potentielle pour la libération contrôlée de médicaments avec une propriété de ciblage. L’oxydase de glucose (GOx) a une spécificité élevée pour le glucose, mais il peut également oxyder d'autres glucides. Cependant, il n'est jamais testé sur des glycopolymères synthétiques contenant des groupements de sucres. Les glycopolymères avec des groupements latéraux de galactose possédant des espaceurs PEG ont été synthétisés par une combinaison de polymérisations anionique et RAFT. L'oxydation enzymatique de ces glycopolymères par la GOx a été étudiée. Les sites actifs de l'enzyme sont devenus accessibles aux groupes pendants galactose attachés sur une chaîne de polymère via des espaceurs de PEG suffisamment longs. La reconnaissance des glycopolymères par la lectine peut également être facilitée par les espaceurs PEG. Les glycopolymères contenant des unités galactose oxydées ont montré une liaison réduite à la lectine RCA120. C'est la première fois que de tels copolymères sont obtenus par conversion enzymatique.Carbohydrates interact with sugar-binding proteins, lectins, to mediate many cellular activities such as bacterial infection, cellular signal transfer, cell adhesion and cell growth. Glycopolymers are sugar-containing polymers. They can bind to lectins or lectin-containing surfaces and can thus be used in the separation and removal of lectin-bearing toxins and bacteria and in the recognition of cancer cells. In this work, three galactose-bearing copolymers were designed and synthesized by introducing biological compounds that are hydrophobic in nature, such as betulin and cholic acid to yield amphiphilic copolymers. Betulin is a natural triterpene compound with anticancer and antiviral activities. Its methacrylate derivative was copolymerized with the glycomonomer by RAFT polymerization to prepare both random and block copolymers that self-assemble into micelles. The smaller micelles formed by the random copolymers facilitate the encapsulation of Nile Red and release more of this hydrophobic compound. These glycopolymers interact with a galactose-binding lectin, RCA120, and form aggregates. The block copolymers form larger aggregates at a faster rate than the random copolymers. The betulin-based glycopolymers may serve as biocompatible carriers for targeted release of drugs. Block glycopolymers bearing galactose, dopamine, and cholic acid (CA) pendants were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. These copolymers self-assemble into micelles in water. The dopamine moieties are located at the micellar core and self-polymerize in a weakly basic solution, stabilizing the micelles in both water and organic solvent. The crosslinked micelles are smaller in size than the precursors before crosslinking. Introducing more CA groups into the copolymers promote their self-assembly to form larger aggregates, control the degree of crosslinking of the micelles, and facilitate the encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds. The core-crosslinked micelles display a slow but sustained Nile Red release and interact effectively with RCA120, demonstrating their potential application for the targeted release of drugs. Glucose oxidase (GOx) has a high glucose specificity, but it can also oxidize other carbohydrates. However, it has never been tested on glycopolymers with pendant sugar groups. The glycopolymers with galactose pendants possessing PEG spacers were synthesized by a combination of anionic and RAFT polymerization. The enzymatic oxidation of these glycopolymers by GOx was studied. The active sites of enzyme become accessible to the galactose pendants attached on a polymer chain via PEG spacers that are sufficiently long. Lectin recognition of the glycopolymers can also be facilitated by the PEG spacer. The glycopolymers containing oxidized galactose units show reduced binding to the lectin RCA120. It is the first time such copolymers are obtained via enzymatic conversion

Is Critical Reading Indispensible to College English for General Purpose in China?

This paper aims to depict the current situation of application of critical reading skills and strategies among the undergraduates in reading books in English in a local university in the coastal city in China. The findings turn out that critical thinking strategies are used neither automatically nor frequently among the undergraduates. The findings are complemented by data collections from classroom observations, interviews, questionnaire, reading comprehension tests and notes taken in class. In order to have a better understanding of the reasons underlying the infrequent use of critical reading skills and strategies, a qualitative study was conducted in 12 volunteers. This study also reveals that college English for general purpose has, to some extent, contributed to improvement of students’ use of critical thinking skills in reading. It is worth pointing out that the role of College English for General Purpose is not merely for imparting use of English to students but also taking on a vital role of cultivating students’ critical thinking and enhancing the application of critical thinking skills and strategies in reading. This paper has implications for college English teachers in their teaching practice for desirability of enhancing critical thinking in college students. Explicit and systematic teaching of critical thinking strategies is surely encouraged, complete with critical writing in the process of teaching College English for the General Purpose.

Evaluation and Research on the Classification Training Mode of Animation Talents Based on Teaching Dynamics from the Perspective of New Liberal Arts

The creation of new artistic forms is an important aspect of the classification of artistic construction. The training of animation talents should be based on the market demand for professionals in the animation industry. While emphasizing the training of professional characteristics, it is important to consider the cross-complementation of related disciplines. The animation major at the Zhongnan University of Economics and Law has taken the initiative to investigate the market. They started by addressing the challenges faced in the development of the animation major and focused on the classification training of animation talents within the newly established new art department. As a result, they have developed a new professional curriculum system, a system for cross-integration of different disciplines, and a practical training system. These initiatives have facilitated the classification of platforms, the integration of multiple disciplines, and the development and training of practical skills within the animation major. We are actively exploring and practicing a new training method for animation talents in the art department. Our goal is to train high-quality applied animation talents who can contribute to local economic and social development. By doing so, we aim to promote the coordinated development of the art department and the field of animation. In order to quantify the teaching effect, we introduced a dynamic method to model the teaching system. This model was mathematically established as a dynamic system. Through modeling and analysis, the data reflected the positive impact of educational innovation and reform on teaching, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of our innovation and reform