Odkrycie nieznanej kolekcji paryskich rycin Jeremiasza Falcka oraz ich kopii przechowywanych w Statens Museum for Kunst w Kopenhadze w kontekście stanu wiedzy i perspektyw badawczych

Jeremias Falck’s engraving activities which are connected with his several-year stay in Paris (in the late 1630s–1644) has not kindled much interest among scholars since the publication of Julius Caesar Block’s monogram in 1890. My long-standing interest in allegorical subjects, and the many aspects of the phenomenon of the diffusion of Western European printmaking into other fields of art and culture, led me to pursue a study of this unjustly forgotten period of his work. In the course of my preliminary research I found copies of his oeuvre – copperplate engravings, which have not been previously described and which, in the majority of cases, have never been recorded in the literature on the subject. The results of my many years of research is the discovery and the inventorying of 35 series of engravings, that fall under a broad and varied category of copies of Falck’s works from his Parisian period. It was not always possible to find complete series. However, if the likely number of plates that originally constituted these series are added up we obtain the high number of 157 new, unknown copies. A major discovery, which makes it possible to largely fill in the blanks in the state of knowledge about Falck’s Parisian period and its influence on Dutch and German graphic art was the ground-breaking research carried out in the cabinet of prints and drawings of the Statens Museum for Kunst in Copenhagen. It transpired that the Danish collection contains many copies of Falck engravings that are housed in other European collections, e.g. in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (hereafter the BnF). These are mostly allegorical series which the engraver from Gdańsk made for the Parisian publisher Jean I Leblond: The Four Seasons, The Five Senses, The Four Ages of Man, The Four Parts of the Day. The Danish collection also includes works which the authors of Inventaire du fonds français – a multi-volume catalogue of French engravings held at the BnF in Paris – described as “dans la manière de Falck”. They consist of works belonging to separate series: The Virtues, The Seven Liberal Arts and the series, Prayer, Fasting and Almsgiving which consists of three plates. In addition, in Copenhagen there are unsigned series of The Four Elements and The Four Continents which Block attributed to Falck

De Paris à Strasbourg

Nombre d’estampes publiées au XVIIe siècle à Paris servaient de modèle à des copies graphiques créées chez des éditeurs étrangers. Les cycles édités par Jean Ier Leblond et Rolland Leblond et burinés par Jeremias Falck et Guillaume de Gheyn servirent de modèles aux éditeurs de Cologne et de Strasbourg. Il n’est que de citer la série des Allégories des Saisons édité par Peter II Aubry. Elle est intéressante d’autant plus qu’elle permet d’examiner le phénomène d’imitation des modèles français à la mode tout en adaptant l’image et le commentaire aux goûts d’une clientèle germanique protestante.Many prints published in Paris during the 17th century were subsequently copied and published abroad. The cycles engraved by Jeremiah Falck and Guillaume de Gheyn and engraved by Jean Leblond I and Rolland Leblond were then used as models by publishers in Cologne and Strasbourg, and the same goes for the Allégories des Saisons published by Peter Aubry II. The latter series is interesting because it shows how imitations of fashionable French models adapted both image and letter to the taste of their Germanic protestant audience

Jedzenie jako symbol czterech żywiołów, czyli reminiscencje starożytnej teorii związku makro- i mikrokosmosu – na wybranych przykładach grafiki i malarstwa końca XVI i XVII wieku

In early-modern times, the structure of the world – which dates back to the roots of ancient philosophy – was basically defined using three concepts: matter, time and space. The world was made up of four elements: water, earth, fire and air. In his treatise entitled Iconology (or a collection of emblematical figures), first published in Rome in 1593, Cesare Ripa created an artistic canonof early-modern allegories. Even before Ripa’s publication, there was a tendency in the Netherlands to combine symbols of all the elements with the concept of food. In a series of four paintings by Joachim Beuckelaer, stalls with merchants have deliberately been placed in the foreground, and scenes from the gospels – depicting spiritual values – only appear in the background. The symbolism of In addition to the individual personifications of the elements, often identified with figures of ancient deities, the topic of the elements, in the art of the late 16th and 17th centuries, appears in the guise of a genre scene, a landscape with staffage, or a still life. Most frequently, food products, or activities related to obtaining food or preparing dishes, become symbols of the elements. However, the first impression that the high-flown theme of the four elements, which – as was still believed in the early days of the early-modern era – resided in the sublunar sphere, was reduced to trivial images of food, turns out to be deceptive. It should be remembered that, in accordance with the principle in force since ancient times, which emphasizes the inherent relationship of the macrocosm and microcosm, man is also made of the same elements as the matter from which the world is built. This is the principle that lay at the heart of Aristotle’s four-element theory (Latin qualitates), as well as the medical theories of Hippocrates, and later those of Galen, based on the relationship between the elements and the temperaments and their impact on the treatment process, in which the right choice of food played an important role. Ancient medical theories remained in force well into the 16th and 17th centuries. As can be seen, in the same period, depictions showing the elements in the form of food products, on which man feeds, were also popular. In reality, the above-mentioned paintings and prints also visualized, in a disguised manner, the idea of the ancient relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm. the elements, combined with food, also appears in two paintings by Sebastian Stosskopff, and in a series of engravings by Jacques de Gheyn II. On individual plates (depicting air, earth, water), we see representatives of the three ages of man showing animals that have been hunted or caught. The woman, personifying fire, was portrayed as a cook holding a spit skewered with a bird and a hare, while a fish lies on the table next to her. In the case of the last plate, its meaning is more complex, and it is not devoid of erotic content since it refers to the metaphor of fire as a symbol of physical desire. Also of interest is a series of copperplate engravings depicting the Four Elements by Jeremias Falck made for the Parisian publisher Jean I Leblond. As we can see, the comments added to the series of engravings depicting the elements were often subordinated to the overriding idea – that of food. Falck’s Parisian series was used as a model by Johann Hoffmann. In the background of each plate, made for the publisher in Nuremberg, are scenes illustrating the acquisition of food. Whereas the series of landscapes engraved by Jan van de Velde II in 1622 shows a different way of presenting the elements with the use of various products

Ewangeliczne przypowieści wplecione w miesiące roku, czyli o cyklu akwafort Parabolae Christi Iesu in duodecim menses diggestae wydanym przez braci Klauberów

An interesting series of etchings, depicting Gospel parables in the form of illustrations of the twelve months of the year, is housed at the National Library in Warsaw. Gottfried Bernhard Göz is the author of the model drawings. The series was issued circa 1770 by the well-known Klauber brothers fine art publishing house in Augsburg. Göz availed himself of some of the details contained in the descriptions of the parables in order to combine them with the months of the year, associating them with the farm work calendar cycle. As a matter of fact, Hans Bol did likewise almost two centuries earlier, creating drawings for copperplate engravings by Adriaen Collaert, issued by Jan Sadeler as part of the Emblemata evangelica ad XII signa coelestia sive totidem anni menses accomodata series. However, unlike the Flemish series, not just one but several Gospel events are combined with each month in the Augsburg etchings. Their selection does not correspond to the order of pericopes in the old liturgical calendar. Scenes illustrating diverse parables have been successfully combined on each of the prints. The artist also achieved a similar cohesiveness when combining illustrations of parables with country and urban landscapes, as well as with garden motifs

Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens

Chicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL

PTPN22.6, a Dominant Negative Isoform of PTPN22 and Potential Biomarker of Rheumatoid Arthritis

PTPN22 is a tyrosine phosphatase and functions as a damper of TCR signals. A C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position 1858 of human PTPN22 cDNA and converting an arginine (R620) to tryptophan (W620) confers the highest risk of rheumatoid arthritis among non-HLA genetic variations that are known to be associated with this disease. The effect of the R-to-W conversion on the phosphatase activity of PTPN22 protein and the impact of the minor T allele of the C1858T SNP on the activation of T cells has remained controversial. In addition, how the overall activity of PTPN22 is regulated and how the R-to-W conversion contributes to rheumatoid arthritis is still poorly understood. Here we report the identification of an alternative splice form of human PTPN22, namely PTPN22.6. It lacks the nearly entire phosphatase domain and can function as a dominant negative isoform of the full length PTPN22. Although conversion of R620 to W620 in the context of PTPN22.1 attenuated T cell activation, expression of the tryptophan variant of PTPN22.6 reciprocally led to hyperactivation of human T cells. More importantly, the level of PTPN22.6 in peripheral blood correlates with disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Our data depict a model that can reconcile the conflicting observations on the functional impact of the C1858T SNP and also suggest that PTPN22.6 is a novel biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis

Identification of CRISPR and riboswitch related RNAs among novel noncoding RNAs of the euryarchaeon Pyrococcus abyssi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) has been recognized as an important regulator of gene expression networks in Bacteria and Eucaryota. Little is known about ncRNA in thermococcal archaea except for the eukaryotic-like C/D and H/ACA modification guide RNAs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a combination of <it>in silico </it>and experimental approaches, we identified and characterized novel <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>ncRNAs transcribed from 12 intergenic regions, ten of which are conserved throughout the Thermococcales. Several of them accumulate in the late-exponential phase of growth. Analysis of the genomic context and sequence conservation amongst related thermococcal species revealed two novel <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>ncRNA families. The CRISPR family is comprised of crRNAs expressed from two of the four <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>CRISPR cassettes. The 5'UTR derived family includes four conserved ncRNAs, two of which have features similar to known bacterial riboswitches. Several of the novel ncRNAs have sequence similarities to orphan OrfB transposase elements. Based on RNA secondary structure predictions and experimental results, we show that three of the twelve ncRNAs include Kink-turn RNA motifs, arguing for a biological role of these ncRNAs in the cell. Furthermore, our results show that several of the ncRNAs are subjected to processing events by enzymes that remain to be identified and characterized.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work proposes a revised annotation of CRISPR loci in <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>and expands our knowledge of ncRNAs in the Thermococcales, thus providing a starting point for studies needed to elucidate their biological function.</p

Etude par HPLC des nucleotides energetiques chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Salmo Gairdneri R.) a deux stades de developpement : exemple d'influence d'un facteur de l'environnement : la pression hydrostatiquef

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc