An explicit computation of p-stabilized vectors

In this paper, we give a method to compute p-stabilized vectors in the space of parahori-fixed vectors for connected reductive groups over p-adic fields. The application to the global setting is also discussed. In particular, we give an explicit p-stabilized form of a Saito-Kurokawa lift.Comment: 21 page

Chapter 6 Metalanguages for source document analysis

"This edited volume covers the development and application of metalanguages for concretely describing and communicating translation processes in practice. In a modern setting of project-based translation, it is crucial to bridge the gaps between various actors involved in the translation process, especially among clients, translation service providers (TSPs), translators, and technology developers. However, we have been confronted with the lack of common understanding among them about the notion and detailed mechanisms of translation. Against this backdrop, we are developing systematic, fine-grained metalanguages that are designed to describe and analyse translation processes in concrete terms. Underpinned by the rich accumulation of theoretical findings in translation studies and established standards of practical translation services, such as ISO 17100, our metalanguages extensively cover the core processes in translation projects, namely project management, source document analysis, translation, and revision. Gathering authors with diverse backgrounds and expertise, this book proffers the fruits of the contributors’ collaborative endeavour; it not only provides practicable metalanguages, but also reports on wide-ranging case studies on the application of metalanguages in practical and pedagogical scenarios. This book supplies concrete guidance for those who are involved in the translation practices and translation training/education. In addition to being of practical use, the metalanguages reflect explicitation of the translation process. As such, this book provides essential insights for researchers and students in the field of translation studies.

『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』のロシア語翻訳データの構築とその日露対照研究への活用の可能性

東京大学東京外国語大学大学院 博士後期課程The University of TokyoPh.D. Student, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』（の一部のデータ）には，既に英語，イタリア語，インドネシア語，中国語の翻訳データが構築されているが，新たにロシア語の翻訳データを構築した。対象となる起点テキストは『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』新聞（PN）コアデータ16サンプル（総語数は短単位で全16,657語）とし，ロシア語目標テキストの総語数は13,070語となった。本データの構築にあたっては，日本語からロシア語へ人手による翻訳を行ったが，日本語とロシア語の言語構造の違いや表現の違い等により，翻訳に困難が生じた箇所もあった。本稿では，翻訳データの構築方法，翻訳の際の留意点の詳細を述べる。また，原文の日本語テキストと翻訳先のロシア語テキストは人手で文単位のアライメントを取り，各文にはIDを付与した。その作業方法についても記述する。翻訳データの構築，アライメント作業により，起点テキストと目標テキストは簡易的な日露パラレルコーパスとして利用可能となり，日露対照研究や類型論研究に活用できると考えられる。本稿では，このような活用の可能性を示すために，ケーススタディとして日本語の文末表現を取り上げ，ロシア語と対照させて同異を議論する。A part of the data of the "Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese" (BCCWJ) is translated into English, Italian, Chinese, and Indonesian. We added new translation data collected from 16 samples of newspaper (PN) core data to BCCWJ in Russian. The total length of the Japanese source text is 16,657 short unit words, which corresponds to 13,070 words in the Russian target text. The translation was conducted manually by a native Russian speaker. During the translation, various difficulties were encountered due to significant structural and lexical differences between Japanese and Russian. This study introduces the data construction method that we used and some key points that we focused on while translating. We also manually aligned all sentences in the source text with those in the translation and assigned an ID to each sentence; this study provides an explanation regarding this workflow as well. Translation and alignment make the original data and their translation function as a simple Japanese-Russian parallel corpus. This can be useful for Japanese-Russian comparative studies and linguistic typology studies. In this study, we address Japanese sentence endings and compare them with Russian ones as a case study to present the possible ways of using our new translation data

Biological Behavior of Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Including Squamous Cell Carcinoma Components and Prognosis of Patients Who Underwent Locally Curative Surgery

Thyroid carcinoma showing squamous differentiation throughout the entire lesion is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) in the WHO classification. This entity is a rare disease and shows a dire prognosis; however, squamous differentiation is more frequently detected in only a portion of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In this paper, we present our experience of 10 patients (8 primary lesions and 2 with recurrence in the lymph nodes) with papillary thyroid carcinoma having an SCC component (PTC-SCC). Only 3 of 8 primary lesions (38%) and none of the 2 recurrent nodes were preoperatively diagnosed as or suspected of having SCC components. All 10 patients underwent locally curative surgery. To date, 3 patients have died of carcinoma, and 2 had distant metastasis at diagnosis or had an undifferentiated carcinoma component. The other 7 are currently alive 5 to 43 months after diagnosis. Systemic adjuvant therapy after the detection of recurrence was effective for 2 patients. It is possible that some PTC-SCC patients without distant metastasis who undergo locally curative surgery can survive for a prolonged period and adjuvant therapies can be effective for local and distant recurrences

トウイン ニオケル ダイタイ ヘルニア シュジュツ 26ショウレイ ノ リンショウテキ ケントウ

We performed this study to investigate the differences in clinical features between incarcerated femoral hernias and non-incarcerated cases. We operated on 26 patients with a femoral hernia from April 1989 to December 1998. Twenty-four patients were female and two were male. Thir mean age at the time of operation was 68.2±15.4 years, and those older than 60 years were remarkably high. All females had a history of abortion more than twice. Eighteen of 26 (69.2%) hemoral hernias occurred on the right side, 7 on the left, and 1 on both sides. Those with an incarcerated hernia were 46.2% (12/26). Almost all patients without incarceration had only femoral tumors or swelling. On the contrary, a large number of the patients with an incarcerated hernia complained of abdominal or femoral pain, suggesting a hernial strangulation. Significant increases in white blood cell counts were recognized in the incarcerated cases compared to those without incarceration (9158.3± 2155.3 vs 6602.9±1049.5/mm3, respectively;P=0.0001). Additionally, the postoperative hospitalization periods of the patients with incarcerations were remarkably prolonged compared to those without an incarceration. According to the contents of the hernia in the 12 patients with incarcerations, we detected the small bowel in 9 and the grater omentum in 3. Six of 9 patients with an incarcerated small bowel had necrotic complications of strangulated small bowel. However, there was no clinical difference compared to the other 6 patients without a necrotic small bowel. In conculusion, we should recognize the possibility of femoral hernias in the treatment of patients complaining of a tumor or pain in the femoral triangle

Clinical study of strangulation obstruction of the small bowel

Early diagnosis of strangulation obstruction is very important for surgeons because delayed diagnosis often leads to severe complications. Thirty patients underwent an operation because of small bowel obstruction between April, 1993 and December, 1999. In the present study, we examined the differences in clinical findings between simple obstruction and strangulation obstruction. In addition, we examined the manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and whether it is useful for early diagnosis of strangulation obstruction, and whether it is correlated with the severity of ischemia due to strangulation. Tenderness was examined in all patients and signs such as abdominal irritation were detected more often in patients with strangulation obstruction than in the patients with simple obstruction. According to SIRS, the large number of the patients with strangulation obstruction showed SIRS before operation and the manifestation of SIRS correlated well with the length of the necrosis in the strangulated small bowel. We recognized the importance of anamnesis and clinical findings in examinations of small bowel obstruction, furthermore, it was suggested that SIRS should be the warning sign for strangulation obstruction

『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』への情報構造アノテーションの分析

会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2016, 開催地: 国立国語研究所, 会期: 2017年3月7日-8日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター日本語は冠詞のない言語である．ゆえに，日本語から冠詞を持つ言語への翻訳の際には，人によるものでも，機械によるものでも冠詞選択の問題を引き起こすことになる．冠詞選択には，ソースとなる言語における名詞句の情報構造(定性，特定性など) が影響を与える．本稿では，翻訳における冠詞選択の問題を軽減させるため，『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』のテキスト(新聞(PN) コアデータ16 サンプル) 内の名詞句に対し，情報構造に関係する文法情報のタグをアノテーションした結果を報告する．特に，本稿ではそのアノテーションの概要と基礎統計について述べる

『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』への情報構造アノテーションとその分析

東京外国語大学大学院 博士後期課程国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター千葉大学人文科学研究院 特任研究員国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター 非常勤研究員Ph.D. Student, Tokyo University of Foreign StudiesCenter for Corpus Development, NINJALResearch Fellow, Graduate School of Humanities, Chiba UniversityAdjunct Researcher, Center for Corpus Development, NINJAL本稿では，『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』のテキスト（新聞（PN）コアデータ16サンプル）内の名詞句に対し，情報構造に関係する文法情報のラベル（情報状態，共有性，定性，特定性，有生性，有情性，動作主性）をアノテーションした結果を報告する。特に，本稿ではアノテーションの概要と基礎統計について述べる。ラベル間の対応をKappa値で評価した結果，先行研究で既にアノテーションされていた共参照情報を基にした情報状態と定性・特定性の間には中程度の一致（0.41以上）が見られたのに対し，今回新たに付与した共有性と定性・特定性の間にはほとんど完璧な一致（0.81以上）が見られた。冠詞選択に大きな影響を与える定性・特定性のアノテーションは，定性・特定性が話し手側により踏み込んだ概念であることから複雑で難度が高いため，他の文法情報で定性・特定性を推定する方がより容易であると考えられる。評価の結果は，定性・特定性の推定には，共参照情報を基にした情報状態だけでは十分でなく，聞き手／読み手の観点を考慮した共有性が重要であることを意味している。また，日本語では助詞「は」と「が」の使い分けについて，情報構造との関連が指摘されているが，付属語主辞とのラベルの関係を見ると，「が」「を」「に」は新情報が多く，「は」は若干旧情報が多いこと，「は」「の」に定性・特定のものが多く，「を」に不定・不特定のものが多いことがわかった。This paper presents the information structure\u27s annotation data (information status, commonness, definiteness, specificity, animacy, sentience, and agentivity) of the "Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese." The annotation schema and statistics are displayed. Evaluation utilizing Kappa value indicates a moderate agreement (0.41≤) between the information status that is based on the already annotated co-reference information and definiteness/specificity. In addition, there is an almost perfect agreement (0.81≤) between commonness, which is recently annotated in this research, and definiteness/specificity. Thus, we conclude that commonness is more significant than information status to estimate definiteness and specificity, significantly affecting article selection in languages with articles. We investigate the relation between some particles and labels explained in this research since some researchers report that information structure is related to the distinction between the particles wa and ga in Japanese. Hence, the particles ga, o, and ni are usually employed with discourse-new noun phrases and wa with discourse-old ones. The particle wa is generally employed with definite and specific noun phrases, while o is employed with indefinite and unspecific ones