Building a tuberculosis-free world: The Lancet Commission on tuberculosis

___Key messages___ The Commission recommends five priority investments to achieve a tuberculosis-free world within a generation. These investments are designed to fulfil the mandate of the UN High Level Meeting on tuberculosis. In addition, they answer

Épocas de início da inundação do solo e altura da lâmina de água em arroz irrigado Water application date and water depths in lowland rice

Este trabalho, desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Botucatu, no ano agrícola de 1990/91, objetivou avaliar os efeitos de épocas de início da inundação do solo e da altura da lâmina de água sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), cultivar IAC 242. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso; as parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, corresponderam a três épocas de início da irrigação (15, 42 e 74 dias após a emergência das plantas) e as subparcelas, a três alturas de lâminas de água (5, 10 e 15 cm). Verificou-se que a produtividade de grãos não foi afetada pela altura da lâmina de água e que a utilização da lâmina de 15 em reduziu o perfilhamento, com conseqüente diminuição do número de colmos e de panículas por metro quadrado. O início da irrigação aos 74 dias reduziu a produtividade de grãos, em decorrência do menor número de espiguetas granadas por panícula. A época de início da irrigação mostrou-se mais importante para a produtividade de grãos do que a altura da lâmina de água para o cultivar.<br>This research was carried out at the Experimental Station Edgardia of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the growing season of 1990/91. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water depths and the beginning of water application on the rice development and yield. Three water depths (5, 10 and 15 cm) and three water application dates (15, 42 and 74 days after crop emergence) were tested in a randomized complete blocks design, arranged in splitplots. The dates were designed as main plots and the water depths as splitplots. The grain yield was not affected by the water depths. A water admission delay to 74 days after crop emergence reduced the filled grain number and the grain yield and also caused a prolongation of the plant cicle. The water depth of 15 cm reduced the tillering, stem and panicle number. The water application date is the main factor on the reduced grain yield when comparated whith the water depths

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

biodiesel, carbon neutral energy, carbon sequestration, clean development mechanism, developing countries, energy plantation, rural energy,

Targeting CD33 in chemoresistant AML patient-derived xenografts by CAR-CIK cells modified with an improved SB transposon system

The successful implementation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in the clinical context of B cell malignancies has paved the way for further development in the more critical setting of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among the potentially targetable AML antigens, CD33 is insofar one of the main validated molecules. Here, we describe the feasibility of engineering cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells with a CD33.CAR by using the latest optimized version of the non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system "SB100X-pT4." This offers the advantage of improving CAR expression on CIK cells, while reducing the amount of DNA transposase as compared to the previously employed "SB11-pT" version. SB-modified CD33.CAR-CIK cells exhibited significant antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived AML xenograft models, reducing AML development when administered as an "early treatment" and delaying AML progression in mice with established disease. Notably, by exploiting an already optimized xenograft chemotherapy model that mimics human induction therapy in mice, we demonstrated for the first time that CD33.CAR-CIK cells are also effective toward chemotherapy resistant/residual AML cells, further supporting its future clinical development and implementation within the current standard regimens