82 research outputs found
Procjena fiziÄkog optereÄenja statistiÄkom analizom srÄane frekvencije u radnice na vrpci u punionici piÄa
Physical work load was estimated in a female conveyor-belt worker in a bottling plant. Estimation was based on continuous measurement and on calculation of average heart rate values in three-minute and one-hour periods and during the total measuring period. The thermal component of the heart rate was calculated by means of the corrected effective temperature, for the one-hour periods. The average heart rate at rest was also determined. The work component of the heart rate was calculated by subtraction of the resting heart rate and the heart rate measured at 50 W, using a regression equation. The average estimated gross energy expenditure during the work was 9.6Ā±1.3 kJ/min corresponding to the category of light industrial work. The average estimated oxygen uptake was 0.42Ā±0.06 L/min. The average performed mechanical work was 12.2Ā±4.2 W, i.e. the energy expenditure was 8.3Ā±1.5%.U radu je prikazan naÄin procjene fiziÄkog optereÄenja u radnice na vrpci u punionici piÄa, temeljene na kontinuiranom mjerenju i izraÄunavanju prosjeÄnih vrijednosti srÄane frekvencije u trominutnim i jednosatnim razdobljima, te tijekom Äitavog razdoblja mjerenja. Regresijskom jednadžbom koja koristi vrijednost korigirane efektivne temperature, izraÄunane iz parametara mikroklime mjerenih u jednosatnim razdobljima, izraÄunata je toplinska sastavnica srÄane frekvencije. Tijekom mirovanja takoÄer je odreÄena prosjeÄna vrijednost srÄane frekvencije. Oduzimanjem srÄane frekvencije u mirovanju i toplinske sastavnice srÄane frekvencije od aktualne srÄane frekvencije, dobivena je radna sastavnica srÄane frekvencije za sva spomenuta razdoblja. Iz vrijednosti srÄane frekvencije u mirovanju i srÄane frekvencije postignute pri optereÄenju od 50 W na biciklergometru dobivena je regresijska jednadžba korelacije frekvencije i izvrÅ”enog rada, na temelju koje je izraÄunavan izvrÅ”eni rad u spomenutim razdobljima. Iz primitka kisika pri optereÄenju od 50 W na biciklergometru, primitka kisika na razini bazalnog metabolizma, srÄane frekvencije pri optereÄenju od 50 W i srÄane frekvencije na razini bazalnog metabolizma izraÄunana je regresijska jednadžba korelacije srÄane frekvencije i primitka kisika, i prikazan procijenjeni primitak kisika tijekom rada u svim razdobljima mjerenja. Primitak kisika na razini bazalnog metabolizma izraÄunan je iz energetske potroÅ”nje dobivene jednadžbom po Harrisu i Benedictu, a primitak kisika pri optereÄenju od 50 W iz nomograma koji se koristi pri ergometriji. Iz procijenjenog primitka kisika izraÄunavana je bruto energetska potroÅ”nja za sva razdoblja mjerenja. ProsjeÄna procijenjena bruto energetska potroÅ”nja tijekom Å”est sati efektivnog rada ispitanice iznosila je 9.7Ā±1.3 kJ/min,Å”to odgovara kategoriji laganog industrijskog rada. ProsjeÄni procijenjeni primitak kisika u istom razdoblju iznosio je 0,45Ā±0,06 L/min, prosjeÄno izvrÅ”eni mehaniÄki rad 12,5Ā±4,2 W, odnosno energetska efikasnost 7,8Ā±1,4%
Statins improve wound healing through inhibition of activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by farnesyl pirophosphate
Uvod: Glukokortikoidni hormoni (GH) su mimo svog anti-inflamatornog dejstva i jedni od najpoznatijih inhibitora zarastanja rana. Nedavno je pokazano da farnezil pirofosfat (FPP), kljuÄni meÄuprodukt mevalonatskog puta sinteze holesterola i farnezilacije proteina može delovati i kao agonista za nekoliko nuklearnih hormonskih receptora ukljuÄujuÄi glukokortikodni receptor (GR). Interesantno je da statini, lekovi koji se koriste u terapiji ateroskleroze, svoje dejstvo ostvaruju upravo inhibirajuÄi ovaj sintetski put. MeÄutim, statini imaju i dodatne plejotropne efekte, koji se ostvaruju nezavisno od sniženja koncentracije holesterola u plazmi i znaÄajno doprinose njihovom korisnom dejstvu u razliÄitim bolestima. Jedan od dobro dokumentovanih plejotropnih efekata je poboljÅ”ana reparacija tkiva ukljuÄujuÄi i zarastanje rana. Zanimljivo je da se upravo inhibicija farnezilacije signalnih molekula, usled sniženja nivo Äelijskog FPP-a, smatrala do sada kljuÄnim mehanizmom kojim statini ostvaruju ove svoje dodatne efekte. MeÄutim otkriÄe da FPP može delovati kao ligand za GR otvara vrata za drugaÄiju interpretaciju mehanizma dejstva plejotropnih efekata statina i novu primenu ovih lekova. Ciljevi: U ovoj disertaciji dokazivano je postojanje novog mehanizma dejstva statina, kojim oni mogu pospeÅ”iti zarastanje rana. Ovaj efekat se zasniva na sniženju koncentracije endogenog FPP-a u Äelijama kože, putem inhibicije HMG-CoA reduktaze Osnovna hipoteza je da, s obzirom da statini svoje dejstvo ostvaruju upravo inhibirajuÄi ovaj sintetski put, modifikuju FPP-GR signalizaciju i tako uÄestvuju u stimulaciji zarastanje rana. Prvi cilj istraživanja je bio aktivacije glukokortikoidnog signalnog puta i stimulacije transkripcije gena. Potom je ispitatano da li poveÄanje nivoa endogenog FPP-a putem inhibicije enzima
skvalen sintetaze i farnezil transferaze ima isti efekat na aktivaciju glukokortikoidnog receptora kao i dodavanje egzogenog FPP-a...Introduction: Glucocorticoid hormones, in addition to their anti-immflamatory effect, are well known inhibitors of wound healing. Recent studies have shown that farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a key intermediate in the mevalonate pathway of the cholesterol synthesis and protein farnesylation, can act as an agonist for several nuclear hormone receptors including glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Interestingly, mechanism of action of statins, drugs used in therapy of atherosclerosis, is based on inhibition of mevalonath pathway. However, statins might exert also additional pleiotropic, noncholesterol lowering effects which significantly contribute to their therapeutic action. One of the well known pleiotropic effects of the statins is stimulation of tissue repair, including wound healing. Interestingly, mechanism of pleiotropic effects is traditionally explained by statin mediated inhibition of the farensylation of signaling molecules. By inhibiting the enzime HMG-CoA reductase, statins prevent the synthesis of substrate for reaction, farnesylpyrophosphate. Given that is recently shown that FPP can act as a ligand for GR, it is not surprising that statins might have additional mechanisms of action beyond inhibition of the farnesylation. Better understanding of this mechanism may contribute to novel therapeutic roles for this drugs. Objectives: In this study we are exploring new mechanism of action of statins that can contribute to improvement of wound healing. This effect is based on decreasing the levels of endogenus FPP in keratinocytes by inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase. We postulate that statins, acting as an inhibitors of mevalonate pathway, stimulate wound healing through modulation of FPP-GR signal. The first step in in our study is to prove that the exogenous FPP, acting as an agonist for GR, can activate the glucocorticoid signaling pathway and regulate the transcription of the target genes. Second, will explore the effects of ZGA and B581, which both can increase the level of endogenous FPP, on activation of
glucocorticoid receptors. ZGA and B581 acomplish their effects through inhibition of squalene synthetase and farnesyl transferase respectively..
Health impairments in iron cast cleaners
U razdoblju od 1978. do 1984. godine u dvije ljevaonice radilo je prosjeÄno oko 120 ÄistaÄa odljevaka, od kojih je 29 zbog razliÄitih subjektivnih smetnji u obliku bljedila prstiju, parestezija podlaktica i Å”aka i boli podlaktica, Å”aka i laktova upuÄeno u Centar za prevenciju, dijagnostiku i ocjenu radne sposobnosti radi potvrÄivanja oÅ”teÄenja u vezi s djelovanjem vibracija pneumatskih alata i brusilica. Od objektivnih pretraga uÄinjeni su test hladnoÄom, digitalna pletizmografija, elektromiografija gornjih ekstremiteta, radiografska obrada pluÄa i audiometrija. Pri evaluaciji oÅ”teÄenja vibracijama uzeta je u obzir i dužina ekspozicije vibracijama pneumatskih alata i brusilica. U prvih 5 godina rada na poslovima ÄiÅ”Äenja odljevaka ustanovili smo rana oÅ”teÄenja koja inaÄe nismo oÄekivali. Ostala oÅ”teÄenja pojavila su se nakon duge ili vrlo duge ekspozicije vibracijama, Å”to se moglo i oÄekivati. NajveÄi broj ÄistaÄa odljevaka imao je specifiÄne smetnje koje su upuÄivale na pojavu vibracijskog sindroma. Digitalna pletizmografija je bila patoloÅ”ka samo unutar prvih 15 godina rada, a postojala su samo funkcionalna oÅ”teÄenja krvnih žila prstiju ruku. Osim toga digitalna pletizmografija je u mnogo veÄem postotku svojim promjenama potvrÄivala subjektivne tegobe radnika u obliku pojave bljedila prstiju negoli je to potvrÄeno testom hladnoÄom.From 1978 to 1984 among 120 cast cleaners working in two iron smelteries 29 complained of white fingers, paraesthesia of the fist and forearm, and of the pain in the forearm, fist and elbow. They were referred to the Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Assessment of Working Capacity for confirmation of diagnosis of occupational impairment due to vibration. The following tests were done: cold test, digital plethysmography, electromyography of the upper extremities, radiographic examination of the lungs and audiometric examination. In evaluating the vibration caused impairment the duration of vibration exposure from pneumatic tools and vibrating equipment was taken into account. Impairments were observed as early as in the first five years of work on cast cleaning. Impairments that appeared after a protracted or very long exposure to vibration were as expected. The complaints received from the greatest number of cast cleaning workers were specific and indicative of vibration syndrome. Pathological findings of digital plethysmography were established only within the first 15 years of exposure and these were mainly functional vascular disorders in the fingers. Furthermore, the symptom of white fingers was confirmed by changes in digital plethysmography in a far greater number of workers than by cold test
Lacrimal hyposecretion with women at videoterminals
U toku sveobuhvatnog pregleda radnica zaposlenih na videoterminalima uz obavezan okulistiÄki pregled uÄinili smo i test ispitivanja sekrecije suza. Ispitivanja su obavljena na tri skupine po 100 radnica, i to prvoj gdje su bile radnice s punim radnim vremenom (8 sati) na terminalu, drugoj radnice s pola ili manje od pola radnog vremena (vrijeme provedeno za terminalom nije bilo manje od 2 sata na dan neprekidno) i treÄoj, kontrolnoj, radnice koje borave u prostorijama gdje su videoterminali, ali rade neki drugi službeniÄki posao.
Hiposekrecija je najÄeÅ”Äe bila prisutna kod radnica s punim radnim vremenom, i to kod 20% ispitanica. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika postoji izmeÄu prve i druge dvije skupine ispitanica, dok izmeÄu druge i kontrolne skupine nema znaÄajne razlike.Tests of vision and lacrimal secretion were performed as part of a general medical check-up among women employed at videoterminals in a bank. The tests were taken by three groups of 100 employees each. The first group consisted of full-time (eight hours) employees, the second of those working part-time (the time spent at a videoterminal daily was never less than two hours of continuous work) and a third group of control subjects having different clerical jobs but working in the premises with videoterminals. Diminished lacrimal secretion was most often present among full-time workers (20 per cent). A statistically significant difference in lacrimal secretion was observed between the first and the second group of examinees. There was no significant difference between the second group and the controls
Degenerative changes in the spinal column of dock workers
Obradom medicinske dokumentacije 5247 zaposlenih u RO "Luka" Rijeka kod 1082 osobe (20,6%) utvrÄene su degenerativne promjene kraljeÅ”nice koje su tako doÅ”le na prvo mjesto u popisu kroniÄnih bolesti, i to ispred hipertenzije (12,3%), duodenalnog ulkusa (7,4%) i alkoholizma (6,6%). StatistiÄkom obradom dobivena je signifikantna razlika u praÄenju uÄestalosti izmeÄu degenerativnih promjena kraljeÅ”nice i hipertenzije kao slijedeÄe najÄeÅ”Äe kroniÄne bolesti (P < 0,0001), kao i izmeÄu degenerativnih promjena kraljeÅ”nice i ostalih obraÄenih bolesti. Raznolikost i specifiÄnost poslova koji se obavlja u toj radnoj organizaciji te niz razliÄitih noksi kao Å”to su fiziÄki napor, izloženost hladnoÄi i vlazi, nagloj promjeni temperature, zraÄna strujanja, vibracije, rad u prisilnom položaju itd. mogli bi se smatrati preduvjetom za pojavu kroniÄnih degenerativnih bolesti kraljeÅ”nice.Medical records for 5247 workers employed in the Port of Rijeka show degenerative changes of the vertebral column to be present in 1082 persons (20.6%). Diseases of the spine thus occupy the first place among all the chronic diseases observed among dock workers and come before hypertension (12. 7%), duodenal ulcer (7.4%) and alcoholism (6.6%)
Changes in the anterior segment of the eye in workers employed in the manufacture of coke
Provedeno ispitivanje u odnosu na oÄne smetnje u radnika u proizvodnji koksa pokazalo je u visokom postotku promjene prednjeg segmenta oka. Registrirani simptomi hiperemije konjunktive, pingvekula, pigmentacije i konjunktivitisa najvjerojatnije su vezani za specifiÄan rad i izloženost ugljenoj praÅ”ini i neugodnim nadražljivcima. U radnika s manje od dvije godine ekspozicije nema promjena u sekreciji suza, u onih koji rade izmeÄu 2 - 7 godina dominira hipersekrecija, a nakon duže izloženosti dolazi u veÄini izloženih radnika do hiposekrecije.An investigation carried out of eye disorders in workers employed in the manufacture of coke demonstrated a high percentage of changes in the anterior segment of the eye. Registered symptoms such as conjunctival hyperemia, pinguecula, pigmentation and conjuctivitis were most probably connected with specific work and exposure to coal dust and irritants. In workers exposed for less than two years there were no changes in lacrimal secretion. In those working for 2 - 7 years excessive hypersecretion dominated, and after a longer period of exposure the majority of workers had hyposecretion
Glue sniffing among secondary-school pupils
Posljednjih godina uoÄava se u Å”kolske djece pojava udisanja para ljepila. VeÄina -snifera- su eksperimentalni potroÅ”aÄi koji u mirisnim parama ljepila traže zadovoljstvo i ugodaj -urnjetnog raja-. U tri centra usmjerenog obrazovanja u Rijeci anketiranjem je provedeno epidemioloÅ”ko istraživanje raÅ”irenosti udisanja para ljepila. Ukupno su anketirana 2254 uÄenika u životnoj dobi od 14 do 18 godina. Pare ljepila udisala je 15,2% uÄenika i 11 % uÄenica. Prema rezultatima ove studije, udisanje para ljepila znaÄajno utjeÄe na puÅ”enje duhana i pojavu politoksikomanskih sklonosti uÄenika. Kod uÄenika koji su -snifali- 14,7% je nepuÅ”aÄa, a kod uÄenica 15,2%.The habit of glue sniffing among pupils has been noted recently. Most sniffers are experimental consumers who seek pleasure and conditional paradise through glue sniffing. An epidemiological investigation carried out in three secondary schools in Rijeka, by means of a questionnaire, showed that among 2254 pupils, aged 14-18 years, l5.2 per cent of the boys and 11 per cent of the girls were sniffers. According to the results of the investigation the pupils who sniffed were more inclined to take up smoking or drugs than those who did not sniff (p < 0.005). Among the boys who sniffed only 14.7 per cent were non-smokers. The percentage of non-smokers among the girls was 15.2
Noise as a risk factor of arterial hypertension in seame
IzmeÄu pomoraca službe stroja (n = 80), izloženih viÅ”im nivoima ukupne buke na brodu (103 Ā± 4,6 dBA), i ostalih pomoraca (n = 119), izloženih nižim nivoima buke (63 Ā± 4,6 dBA), x2-testom nije utvrÄena razlika u uÄestalosti arterijske hipertenzije. Razlika nije dokazana niti izmeÄu pomoraca službe stroja i kontrolne skupine (n = 108), manje izložene buci na radnom mjestu (64 - 72 dBA). U pomoraca na službi izvan stroja bilo je viÅ”e hipertoniÄara nego u kontrolnoj skupini. T-testom nije utvrÄena razlika u visini sistoliÄkog odnosno dijastoliÄkog krvnog tlaka izmeÄu dviju skupina pomoraca. U objema skupinama pomoraca krvni tlakovi su bili viÅ”i nego u kontrolnoj skupini. U uzorku pomoraca izloženih nižim nivoima buke i u subpopulacijama obiju skupina pomoraca bilo je viÅ”e hipertoniÄara u osoba s oÅ”teÄenim sluhom nego u onih s normalnim sluhom. Od osobina koje se dovode u vezu s arterijskom hipertenzijom, a koje su veÄinom Äinioci rizika ateroskleroze (životna dob, radni staž, indeks tjelesne mase, postotak tjelesne masti, koncentracija kolesterola, triglicerida i glukoze u krvi, potroÅ”nja cigareta i alkohola, indeks psihiÄke napetosti i vrijeme oporavka u Lorenzovu testu), jedino je indeks tjelesne mase mogao utjecati na izražene razlike u krvnom tlaku izmeÄu pomoraca i kontrolne skupine. Stupanj oÅ”teÄenja sluha u objema skupinama pomoraca korelirao je sa sistoliÄkim tlakom, a u pomoraca službe stroja i s dijastoliÄkim. Iz rezultata ovog istraživanja ne može se izvesti jasan zakljuÄak o povezanosti buke i arterijske hipertenzije u pomoraca iako neki pokazatelji govore u prilog tome.Analysis of the prevalence of arterial hypertension among seamen using the chi-square test did not show a difference between the engine-room personnel (n = 80) exposed to elevated total ship noise levels (103 Ā± 4.6 dB) and the rest of the crew (n = 119) exposed to lower noise levels (63 Ā± 4.6 dB), or between the engine-room personnel and the control group (n = 108) exposed to lower levels of occupational noise (64 - 72 dB). The number of persons with hypertension was higher among the rest of the crew than among the controls. According to Student\u27s t-test there was no difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure levels between the two groups of seamen. In both these groups blood pressures were higher than in the control group. Among the seamen not working in the engine-rooms and in the subpopulations of both groups of seamen the number of hypertensive persons was greater among those with a noise-induced hearing loss than among those without it. Of the features which could be connected with arterial hypertension and are known to be risk factors of atherosclerosis (age, length of service, body mass index, body fat percentage, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, cigarette and alcohol consumption, psychic tension index and recovery time in Lorenz test), only the body mass index could have caused the marked differences in blood pressures between seamen and the controls. The degree of hearing loss correlated with systolic blood pressure in both groups of seamen as well as with diastolic blood pressure in the engine-room personnel. The results of the study do not allow to draw a clear conclusion regarding correlation between ship noise and arterial hypertension, although some indicators point to a certain effect of noise on blood pressure
Some Anthropometric Characteristics, Reactions on Physical Stress, and Blood Pressure in Males Aged 18 in Ā»Primorsko- GoranskaĀ« County, Croatia
The paper presents the distribution and average values of some anthropometric characteristics
in 1,210 males aged 18 in Ā»Primorsko-GoranskaĀ« County, as well as some manifestations of physical fitness parameters and some correlations between these two groups of characteristics. The prevalence of hypertensive and limit values for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 8.6% and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 2.1%. Body weight and body mass index were in a significantly positive correlation with SBP and DBP. Body mass index showed a significantly positive correlation with heart rate after step test. Therefore, it can be concluded that overweight reduces tolerance on workload
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