Царський і республіканський Рим в антикознавчих дослідженнях М.П. Драгоманова

У статті розглянуто особливості вивчення та рецепції римської історії VIII–I ст. до н. е. в антикознавчих студіях М. Драгоманова. Зроблено висновок, що дослідження М. Драгоманова з історії Риму вплинули на формування наукових і суспільно-політичних поглядів вченого, а також Лесі Українки та І. Франка.In the article peculiarities of study and reception of Roman history VIII–I centuries B.C. in M. Drahomanov’s classical researches are highlighted. The author concludes that M. Drahomanov’s Roman classical studies influenced on formation of scientific and political views of M. Drahomanov, Lesya Ukrainka, I. Franko

Notochordal cell-secreted factors stimulate matrix production by canine nucleus pulposus cells and bone marrow derived stromal cells

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Curve counting via stable pairs in the derived category

For a nonsingular projective 3-fold $X$, we define integer invariants virtually enumerating pairs $(C,D)$ where $C\subset X$ is an embedded curve and $D\subset C$ is a divisor. A virtual class is constructed on the associated moduli space by viewing a pair as an object in the derived category of $X$. The resulting invariants are conjecturally equivalent, after universal transformations, to both the Gromov-Witten and DT theories of $X$. For Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the latter equivalence should be viewed as a wall-crossing formula in the derived category. Several calculations of the new invariants are carried out. In the Fano case, the local contributions of nonsingular embedded curves are found. In the local toric Calabi-Yau case, a completely new form of the topological vertex is described. The virtual enumeration of pairs is closely related to the geometry underlying the BPS state counts of Gopakumar and Vafa. We prove that our integrality predictions for Gromov-Witten invariants agree with the BPS integrality. Conversely, the BPS geometry imposes strong conditions on the enumeration of pairs.Comment: Corrected typos and duality error in Proposition 4.6. 47 page

Surveying activated sludge changes during acclimation with artificial wastewater

Many processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries generate wastewater containing organic toxic compounds and other kinds of xenobiotics. Usually, biological treatments are used to degrade a great quantity of these substances. However, most of the time, the microorganisms are not adapted and the treatment can be blocked. Therefore, the first step to make a continuous reactor operative is the acclimation, i.e., the adaptation of the microorganisms to a specific substrate. During this particular step of the process there is a selection and a multiplication of specialized microorganisms and physiological transformations can occur in their metabolic system. Furthermore, combining image processing techniques have already been successfully used to elucidate the activated sludge morphological changes for both aggregated and filamentous bacteria contents, during such processes. The experimental set-up is composed of an aerated reactor and a clarifier. The sludge is recycled from the clarifier by a peristaltic pump. The complete mixing inside the reactor is guaranteed by the diffusion of air from its bottom. The reactor was inoculated with biomass collected from a wastewater treatment plant and fed with an artificial wastewater based on meat extract. During acclimation, chemical parameters were measured in the influent, reactor and effluent, in order to verify the stability of the process. To complete the evaluation of the process, microscopy acquisition and image processing and analysis techniques were performed for aggregates and filamentous bacteria characterization for bright field, Gram and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) staining images. The information extracted from those images allowed for aggregates and filamentous bacteria contents inspection, identification of PHB storing microorganisms and, gram-positive and gram-negative filamentous bacteria recognition. Figure 1 presents activated sludge samples at the beginning and at the end of the acclimation phase. It was found in this study that biomass changes during the acclimation phase could be effectively monitored, combining image analysis information and chemical parameters