292 research outputs found
Stabilization of clayey soil using fibre reinforcement
The paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on crack evolution during desiccation, on unsaturated, compacted and reinforced clay using natural Alfa fibres. The effect of fibre content is investigated and a comparison between experimental and numerical simulations is made. A modified model for tensile strength is updated in the finite element program CODE_BRIGHT and used to predict tensile cracks induced by desiccation on reinforced soil. The results show that the soil desiccation cracking behaviour is significantly influenced by fibre inclusion and that experimental and numerical results are in good agreement.Postprint (published version
A Note on Finite Quadrature Rules with a Kind of Freud Weight Function
We introduce a finite class of weighted quadrature rules with the
weight function |x|−2exp(−1/2) on (−∞,∞) as
∫∞−∞||−2exp(−1/2∑)()==1()+[], where are the zeros of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the introduced weight
function, are the corresponding coefficients, and [] is the error value. We show that the
above formula is valid only for the finite values of . In other words, the condition ≥{max}+1/2 must always be satisfied in order that one can apply the above quadrature
rule. In this sense, some numerical and analytic examples are also given and compared
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Phasor Measurement Units Optimal Placement and Performance Limits for Fault Localization
In this paper, the performance limits of faults localization are investigated using synchrophasor data. The focus is on a non-trivial operating regime where the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) sensors available is insufficient to have full observability of the grid state. Proposed analysis uses the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between the distributions corresponding to different fault location hypotheses associated with the observation model. This analysis shows that the most likely locations are concentrated in clusters of buses more tightly connected to the actual fault site akin to graph communities. Consequently, a PMU placement strategy is derived that achieves a near-optimal resolution for localizing faults for a given number of sensors. The problem is also analyzed from the perspective of sampling a graph signal, and how the placement of the PMUs i.e. the spatial sampling pattern and the topological characteristic of the grid affect the ability to successfully localize faults. To highlight the superior performance of presented fault localization and placement algorithms, the proposed strategy is applied to a modified IEEE 34, IEEE-123 bus test cases and to data from a real distribution grid. Additionally, the detection of cyber-physical attacks is also examined where PMU data and relevant Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) network traffic information are compared to determine if a network breach has affected the integrity of the system information and/or operations
A generalization of Cauchy-Bunyakovsky integral inequality via means with max and min values
In the paper, we give a brief survey of a method for constructing generalizations of Cauchy-Bunyakovsky integral inequality using abstract mean values. One special inequality of this type is considered in details in terms of min and max functions. Some direct proofs of this inequality are given and application to inequalities for special function
Investigating the Role of Virtual Reality in Planning for Sustainable Smart Cities
With rapid population growth, urban designers face tremendous challenges to accommodate the increasing size of the population in urban areas while simultaneously considering future environmental, social, and economic impacts. A “smart city” is an urban development vision that integrates multiple information and communication technologies to manage the assets of a city, including its information systems, transportation systems, power plants, water supply networks, waste management systems, and other community services provided by a local department. The goal of creating a smart city is to improve the quality of life of citizens by using technology and by addressing the environmental, social, cultural, and physical needs of a society. Data modeling and data visualization are integral parts of planning a smart city, and planning professionals currently seek new methods for real-time simulations. The impact analysis of “what-if scenarios” frequently takes a significant amount of time and resources, and virtual reality (VR) is a potential tool for addressing these challenges. VR is a computer technology that replicates an environment, whether real or imagined, and simulates the physical presence and environment of a user to allow for user interaction. This paper presents a review of the capacity of VR to address current challenges in creating, modeling, and visualizing smart cities through material modeling and light simulation in a VR environment. This study can assist urban planners, stakeholders, and communities to further understand the roles of planning policies in creating a smart city, particularly in the early design stages. The significant roles of technologies, such as VR, in targeting real-time simulations and visualization requirements for smart cities are emphasized
Metformin and cimetidine: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to investigate transporter mediated drug–drug interactions
Metformin is used as a probe for OCT2 mediated transport when investigating possible DDIs with new chemical
entities. The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) models to simulate the effects of OCT and MATE inhibition by cimetidine on metformin kinetics. PBPK
models were developed, incorporating mechanistic kidney and liver sub-models for metformin (OCT and
MATE substrate) and a mechanistic kidney sub-model for cimetidine. The models were used to simulate inhibition
of the MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1 and OCT2 mediated transport of metformin by cimetidine. Assuming competitive
inhibition and using cimetidine Ki values determined in vitro, the predicted metformin AUC ratio was 1.0
compared to an observed value of 1.46. The observed AUC ratio could only be recovered with this model when
the cimetidine Ki for OCT2 was decreased 1000-fold or the Ki's for both OCT1 and OCT2 were decreased 500-
fold. An alternative description of metformin renal transport by OCT1 and OCT2, incorporating electrochemical
modulation of the rate of metformin uptake together with 8–18-fold decreases in cimetidine Ki's for OCTs and
MATEs, allowed recovery of the extent of the observed effect of cimetidine on metformin AUC. While the final
PBPK model has limitations, it demonstrates the benefit of allowing for the complexities of passive permeability
combined with active cellular uptake modulated by an electrochemical gradient and active efflu
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