Collaborative robot assistant for the ergonomic manipulation of cumbersome objects

Typescript (photocopy).Single spore isolates of Colletotrichum graminicola were taken from sorghum or johnsongrass in agricultural, research station and natural populations and compared on a series of sorghum differential varieties in the greenhouse. The isolates taken from johnsongrass and monocultured sorghum hybrids were of simple virulence capability, i.e. avirulent on all but the most susceptible host type. Research station isolates were virulent on numerous sorghum genotypes and therefore had complex virulence capabilities. Populations of C. graminicola were analyzed on two sorghum nurseries in the field. One consisted of a series of genotypes that had differential responses to different races of the fungus. The other nursery consisted of 20 sorghum lines selected for apparent horizontal resistance. These nurseries were planted three years consecutively at research stations in Texas, Puerto Rico and Georgia. Significant variance of rank reaction across all sites showed that the geographically isolated populations have some specific virulence difference(s), confirming allelic divergence. Within sites and across years the rank analysis showed yearly non-significant shifts in virulence punctuated by significant shifts to new virulence patterns in years with propitious environments for disease development. Equal ranking across sites, as determined by non-significant ANOVA, was found in 10 of the 20 suspected horizontally resistant lines. Only five of these 10 lines had low area under disease progress curve values. Analyses of rates of vegetative growth and spore production of four single spore isolates were performed on detached leaf pieces. The effect of initial spore density on the growth rates was studied. Higher initial spore densities greatly reduced secondary spore production (per initial spore) relative to low initial spore density. The effect of competition between isolates was studied by determining rates of vegetative growth and spore production when the isolates were grown in mixtures as compared to when they were grown singly. Rate parameters generated by fitting logistic curves were compared by statistical analysis and the isolates with a significant effect of competition were used in an intraspecific competition model..

Resultados preliminares de ensayos de fertilización fosforada en soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) realizados en el sur de Santa Fe : efecto sobre la producción de materia seca, la concentración foliar y el rendimiento

p.297-303Se presentan los resultados del primer año de ensayos realizados en el cultivo de soja. Se estudió el efecto de la fertilización fosforada sobre la producción de materia seca, la concentración foliar de nutrientes y el rendimiento de grano en lotes (Serie Peyrano) que representan distintas situaciones de bajo nivel de fósforo (P) en suelo (11.5: 5,8 y 5.3 pg g -1, siendo la última una fase erosionda). La fertilización moduló en forma diferente las variables estudiadas en los tres ensayos: en términos generales la Dosis 2 (100 kg P ,0 . ha`1) no tuvo efecto diferente a la Dosis 1 (50 kg P2 O5 ha`1), la Dosis 1 aumentó el rendimiento en un ensayo, afectó de forma distinta los niveles de materia seca total (MST) de los tres ensayos, y en forma negativa la concentración foliar de zinc (Zn) en dos casos. Al correlacionar las variables en estudio se encontró una asociación positiva entre el P foliar y la MSI' en floración (R2). La MST en R2 fue la única variable que presentó correlación positiva con el rendimiento

Postoperative Analgesia with Saphenous Block Appears Equivalent to Femoral Nerve Block in ACL Reconstruction

BackgroundAdequate pain control following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) often requires regional nerve block. The femoral nerve block (FNB) has been traditionally employed. Ultrasound application to regional nerve blocks allows for the use of alternatives such as the saphenous nerve block following ACL reconstruction.Questions/purposesThis study evaluated postoperative analgesia provided by the subsartorial saphenous nerve block (SSNB) compared to that provided by the traditional FNB for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon (bone-tendon-bone (BTB)) autografts.MethodsA randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial was conducted using 80 ASA I-III patients, ages 16-65, undergoing ACL reconstruction with BTB. The individuals assessing all outcome measures were blinded to the treatment group. Postoperatively, all patients received cryotherapy and parenteral hydromorphone to achieve numeric rating scale pain scores less than 4. At discharge, patients were given prescriptions for oral opioid analgesics and a scheduled NSAID. Patients were instructed to complete pain diaries and record oral opioid utilization. Patients were contacted on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 2 to ascertain the level of patient satisfaction with the analgesic regimen.ResultsNo differences between the two groups were found. Patient demographics and postoperative pain scores at rest were not different. In addition, there was no difference in opioid use, as measured in daily oral morphine equivalents between groups. A small but statistically significant report of higher patient satisfaction with the FNB was found on POD 1 but not on POD 2.ConclusionThese data support our hypothesis that the SSNB provides similar and adequate postoperative analgesia when compared to the FNB, following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft

Postoperative Analgesia with Saphenous Block Appears Equivalent to Femoral Nerve Block in ACL Reconstruction

BACKGROUND: Adequate pain control following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) often requires regional nerve block. The femoral nerve block (FNB) has been traditionally employed. Ultrasound application to regional nerve blocks allows for the use of alternatives such as the saphenous nerve block following ACL reconstruction. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: This study evaluated postoperative analgesia provided by the subsartorial saphenous nerve block (SSNB) compared to that provided by the traditional FNB for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon (bone–tendon–bone (BTB)) autografts. METHODS: A randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial was conducted using 80 ASA I–III patients, ages 16–65, undergoing ACL reconstruction with BTB. The individuals assessing all outcome measures were blinded to the treatment group. Postoperatively, all patients received cryotherapy and parenteral hydromorphone to achieve numeric rating scale pain scores less than 4. At discharge, patients were given prescriptions for oral opioid analgesics and a scheduled NSAID. Patients were instructed to complete pain diaries and record oral opioid utilization. Patients were contacted on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 2 to ascertain the level of patient satisfaction with the analgesic regimen. RESULTS: No differences between the two groups were found. Patient demographics and postoperative pain scores at rest were not different. In addition, there was no difference in opioid use, as measured in daily oral morphine equivalents between groups. A small but statistically significant report of higher patient satisfaction with the FNB was found on POD 1 but not on POD 2. CONCLUSION: These data support our hypothesis that the SSNB provides similar and adequate postoperative analgesia when compared to the FNB, following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-014-9392-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users