4,784 research outputs found
Vortex jamming in superconductors and granular rheology
We demonstrate that a highly frustrated anisotropic Josephson junction
array(JJA) on a square lattice exhibits a zero-temperature jamming transition,
which shares much in common with those in granular systems. Anisotropy of the
Josephson couplings along the horizontal and vertical directions plays roles
similar to normal load or density in granular systems. We studied numerically
static and dynamic response of the system against shear, i. e. injection of
external electric current at zero temperature. Current-voltage curves at
various strength of the anisotropy exhibit universal scaling features around
the jamming point much as do the flow curves in granular rheology, shear-stress
vs shear-rate. It turns out that at zero temperature the jamming transition
occurs right at the isotropic coupling and anisotropic JJA behaves as an exotic
fragile vortex matter : it behaves as superconductor (vortex glass) into one
direction while normal conductor (vortex liquid) into the other direction even
at zero temperature. Furthermore we find a variant of the theoretical model for
the anisotropic JJA quantitatively reproduces universal master flow-curves of
the granular systems. Our results suggest an unexpected common paradigm
stretching over seemingly unrelated fields - the rheology of soft materials and
superconductivity.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. To appear in New Journal of Physic
Temperature Chaos and Bond Chaos in the Edwards-Anderson Ising Spin Glass : Domain-Wall Free-Energy Measurements
Domain-wall free-energy , entropy , and the correlation
function, , of are measured independently in the
four-dimensional Edwards-Anderson (EA) Ising spin glass. The stiffness
exponent , the fractal dimension of domain walls and the
chaos exponent are extracted from the finite-size scaling analysis of
, and respectively well inside the
spin-glass phase. The three exponents are confirmed to satisfy the scaling
relation derived by the droplet theory within our
numerical accuracy. We also study bond chaos induced by random variation of
bonds, and find that the bond and temperature perturbations yield the universal
chaos effects described by a common scaling function and the chaos exponent.
These results strongly support the appropriateness of the droplet theory for
the description of chaos effect in the EA Ising spin glasses.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; The title, the abstract and the text are changed
slightl
Chaos in Glassy Systems from a TAP Perspective
We discuss level crossing of the free-energy of TAP solutions under
variations of external parameters such as magnetic field or temperature in
mean-field spin-glass models that exhibit one-step Replica-Symmetry-Breaking
(1RSB). We study the problem through a generalized complexity that describes
the density of TAP solutions at a given value of the free-energy and a given
value of the extensive quantity conjugate to the external parameter. We show
that variations of the external parameter by any finite amount can induce level
crossing between groups of TAP states whose free-energies are extensively
different. In models with 1RSB, this means strong chaos with respect to the
perturbation. The linear-response induced by extensive level crossing is
self-averaging and its value matches precisely with the disorder-average of the
non self-averaging anomaly computed from the 2nd moment of thermal fluctuations
between low-lying, almost degenerate TAP states. We present an analytical
recipe to compute the generalized complexity and test the scenario on the
spherical multi- spin models under variation of temperature.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration Using Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature. Part 1: Measurement of Evapotranspiration at the Environmental Research Center and Determination of Priestley-taylor Parameter
In order to study the distribution of evapotranspiration in the humid region using remote sensing technology, the parameter (alpha) in the Priestley-Taylor model was determined. The daily means of the parameter alpha = 1.14 can be available from summer to autumn and alpha = to approximately 2.0 in winter. The results of the satellite and the airborne sensing done on 21st and 22nd January, 1983, are described. Using the vegetation distribution in the Tsukuba Academic New Town, as well as the radiation temperature obtained by remote sensing and the radiation data observed at the ground surface, the evapotranspiration was calculated for each vegetation type by the Priestley-Taylor method. The daily mean evapotranspiration on 22nd January, 1983, was approximately 0.4 mm/day. The differences in evapotranspiration between the vegetation types were not detectable, because the magnitude of evapotranspiration is very little in winter
Classical Black Hole Production In Quantum Particle Collisions
The semiclassical picture of black hole production in trans-Planckian
elementary particle collisions is reviewed.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures; talk given at the 6th Alexander Friedmann
International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology, Cargese, France, June
28-July 3, 2004; to appear in the proceedings (Int.J.Mod.Phys.A); v2: typos
correcte
Scaling Analysis of Domain-Wall Free-Energy in the Edwards-Anderson Ising Spin Glass in a Magnetic Field
The stability of the spin-glass phase against a magnetic field is studied in
the three and four dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glasses. Effective
couplings and effective fields associated with length scale L are measured by a
numerical domain-wall renormalization group method. The results obtained by
scaling analysis of the data strongly indicate the existence of a crossover
length beyond which the spin-glass order is destroyed by field H. The crossover
length well obeys a power law of H which diverges as H goes to zero but remains
finite for any non-zero H, implying that the spin-glass phase is absent even in
an infinitesimal field. These results are well consistent with the droplet
theory for short-range spin glasses.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; The text is slightly changed, the figures 3, 4
and 5 are changed, and a few references are adde
Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono:Voting Rights and the Native Hawaiian Sovereignty Plebiscite
Using the Native Hawaiian Sovereignty Plebiscite to investigate the complex interplay between race, nationalism, and the special purpose district exception, this Note chronicles the development of relevant legal doctrines and the history of the Native Hawaiians\u27 quest for self-government in an attempt to untangle those issues. In doing so, this Note concludes that the Native Hawaiian Sovereignty Plebiscite was an unconstitutional method of securing sovereign rights for Native Hawaiians, but that a Native Hawaiian claim to at least some form of self-government is justified. As a result, this Note searches for a method that will guarantee self-government as well as constitutionality and the recognition of all interests involved. It proceeds to analyze various voting systems, administrative mechanisms, and constitutional doctrines, and concludes by using this analysis to design a process that balances democratic philosophies, public interests, and the interests of Native Hawaiians who want sovereignty
Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration Using Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature. Part 2: Application of Equilibrium Evaporation Model to Estimate Evapotranspiration by Remote Sensing Technique
In a humid region like Japan, it seems that the radiation term in the energy balance equation plays a more important role for evapotranspiration then does the vapor pressure difference between the surface and lower atmospheric boundary layer. A Priestley-Taylor type equation (equilibrium evaporation model) is used to estimate evapotranspiration. Net radiation, soil heat flux, and surface temperature data are obtained. Only temperature data obtained by remotely sensed techniques are used
Jet-fluid string formation and decay in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
We propose a new hadronization mechanism, jet-fluid string (JFS) formation
and decay, to understand observables in intermediate to high- regions
comprehensively. In the JFS model, hard partons produced in jet lose their
energy in traversing the QGP fluid, which is described by fully
three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. When a jet parton escapes from the
QGP fluid, it picks up a partner parton from a fluid and forms a color singlet
string, then it decays to hadrons. We find that high- values in JFS
are about two times larger than in the independent fragmentation model.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; Proceeding for poster sessions at Quark Matter
2006, Shanghai, China, 14-20 November 2006; to appear in Int. J. of Mod.
Phys.
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