Unraveling the genetic origin of 'Glera', 'Ribolla Gialla' and other autochthonous grapevine varieties from Friuli Venezia Giulia (northeastern Italy)

'Glera' and 'Ribolla Gialla' are the most economically relevant local grapevine cultivars of Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy). 'Glera' is used to produce the world-renowned Prosecco wine. 'Ribolla Gialla' cultivation is constantly increasing due to the strong demand for sparkling wine and is the most important variety in Brda (Slovenia). Knowledge of local varieties history in terms of migration and pedigree relationships has scientific and marketing appeal. Following prospections, genotyping and ampelographic characterization of minor germplasm in Friuli Venezia Giulia, a further research was developed to understand the parentage relationships among the grapevine varieties grown in this region. An integrated strategy was followed combining the analysis of nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites with the Vitis 18k SNP chip. Two main recurrent parents were found, which can be regarded as "founders": 'Vulpea', an Austrian variety parent-offspring related with at least ten Friuli Venezia Giulia cultivars, among them 'Glera', and 'Refosco Nostrano', first degree related with other six Friuli Venezia Giulia varieties. 'Ribolla Gialla' was shown to be another member of the impressively long list of offspring derived from the prolific 'Heunisch Weiss'. Combining molecular markers and historical references was a high-performance strategy for retracing and adjusting the history of cultivars

High-throughput 18K SNP array to assess genetic variability of the main grapevine cultivars from Sicily

The viticulture of Sicily, for its vocation, is one of the most important and ancient forms in Italy. Autochthonous grapevine cultivars, many of which known throughout the world, have always been cultivated in the island from many centuries. With the aim to preserve this large grapevine diversity, previous studies have already started to assess the genetic variability among the Sicilian cultivars by using morphological and microsatellite markers. In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) were utilized to verify the true-to-typeness of a large clone collection (101) belonging to 21 biotypes of the most 10 cultivated Sicilian cultivars. Afterwards, 42 Organization Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) descriptors and a high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array (Vitis18kSNP) were applied to assess genetic variability among cultivars and biotypes of the same cultivar. Ampelographic traits and high-throughput SNP genotyping platforms provided an accuracy estimation of genetic diversity in the Sicilian germplasm, showing the relationships among cultivars by cluster and multivariate analyses. The large SNP panel defined sub-clusters unable to discern among biotypes, previously classified by ampelographic analysis, belonging to each cultivar. These results suggested that a very large number of SNP did not cover the genome regions harboring few morphological traits. Genetic structure of the collection revealed a clear optimum number of groups for K = 3, clustering in the same group a significant portion of family-related genotypes. Parentage analysis highlighted significant relationships among Sicilian grape cultivars and Sangiovese, as already reported, but also the first evidences of the relationships between Nero d’Avola and both Inzolia and Catarratto. Finally, a small panel of highly informative markers (12 SNPs) allowed us to isolate a private profile for each Sicilian cultivar, providing a new tool for cultivar identification

The kindgroup of the cultivar 'Chardonnay' revealed

International audienceDespite the importance of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), relatively few parentages were revealed until now because small databases were analyzed. In the present work, we developed a useful and readable routine for the analysis of large data set, integrating FaMoz software. The routine was applied to a data set consisting of 2,704 individuals of the French national INRA germplasm collection of grapevine, analyzed using 20 SSRs markers well scattered over the genome. The large-scale parentage analysis enabled the identification of several kin relationships. The kingroup of ‘Chardonnay’, one of the most celebrated international grapevine cultivars, was then revealed

Genetic relationship between cultivated and wild grapevine in Tuscany

La presente ricerca ha l\u2019obiettivo di analizzare le relazioni genetiche esistenti tra viti (Vitis vinifera L.) coltivate e selvatiche in Toscana. In particolare \ue8 stata studiata la cultivar \u2018Sangiovese\u2019, in considerazione del suo ruolo dominante nel passato e nel presente della viticoltura in Toscana e pi\uf9 in generale in Italia. Sono state studiate alcune variet\ue0 toscane di vite conservate presso la collezione ampelografica di San Felice (Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italia) e quella INRA presso il Domaine de Vassal (Marseillan Plage, France). Il compartimento selvatico della vite, V. vinifera L. subsp. silvestris (G.) H., \ue8 presente in Toscana anche se \ue8 in via d\u2019estinzione. Sono state studiate 10 viti selvatiche delle 60 censite in Toscana. Il materiale \ue8 stato descritto utilizzando i descrittori ampelografici OIV-IPGRI e 12 marcatori molecolari (nSSR, nuclear Simple Sequence Repeats). Questi marcatori nSSR sono polimorfi, codominanti ed efficaci per lo studio della caratterizzazione genetica delle variet\ue0 di vite e per lo studio parentale. L\u2019analisi statistica dei dati ha permesso la caratterizzazione delle relazioni genetiche esistenti tra i 2 compartimenti della specie in Toscana. La diversit\ue0 genetica del compartimento selvatico \ue8 inferiore a quella del compartimento coltivato. Probabilmente \ue8 il risultato della rarit\ue0 delle viti selvatiche. Il \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 possiede pochi alleli in comune con il compartimento selvatico regionale. Tuttavia, ben 7 cultivar autoctone toscane hanno significative affinit\ue0 genetiche con alcune viti selvatiche. Questi risultati mettono in evidenza il probabile contributo delle viti selvatiche alla diversit\ue0 genetica del compartimento coltivato regionale, contribuendo alla comprensione dell\u2019evoluzione e della storia della vite in Toscana ed in Italia

Genealogy Investigation in over 2,300 Grapevine Cultivars ([i]Vitis vinifera[/i])

Since 1997, many studies have been performed based on the inheritance of nuclear microsatellite markers to verify or uncover the parentage of several grapevine cultivars. The aim of the present study was to undertake an extended analysis using a large sample of Vitis vinifera cultivars held in the INRA "Domaine de Vassal" Grape Germplasm Repository (F-34340 Marseillan-Plage, France). We genotyped 5,516 accessions with 20 nuclear SSR markers and checked their identity. The dataset of 2,332 single genotypes identified (without synonyms, clones and mutants) was analyzed using FaMoz software. Parentages showing a LOD score higher than 18 were validated in relation to historical data available. The parentage analysis first permitted the identification of 284 genotypes showing no direct relationship with any other cultivar in the collection. Second, in approx. 1,150 genotypes, only incomplete parentages could be determined due to the absence of complementary parents in the cultivar sample. Last, the full-parentage of approx. 700 genotypes was revealed resulting in i) confirmations of the pedigree as stated by the breeder (180) or in previously published studies (80), ii) partial or complete invalidations of published pedigree (90), or iii) original discoveries (390). Compiling these parentage results improves our knowledge of the genetic constitution of the population of V. vinifera cultivars and the identification of the main genitors involved in varietal assortment evolution and grapevine breeding

Kingroup and origin of the cultivar \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 revealed

L\u2019obiettivo del presente studio \ue8 l\u2019identificazione delle parentele e della storia genetica del \u2018Sangiovese\u2019, nonch\ue9 della sua origine. L\u2019analisi di strutturazione genetica in popolazioni e di parentela \ue8 stata realizzata utilizzando una grande banca dati (2786 profili genetici unici di 20 nSSR), con una particolare attenzione rivolta alle cultivar toscane. Tra le cultivar analizzate, \ue8 stata identificata una popolazione genetica \u201citalica\u201d composta da antiche cultivar tradizionalmente coltivate in Italia, che include anche il \u2018Sangiovese\u2019. Dieci cultivar compongono la \u201cfamiglia\u201d del \u2018Sangiovese\u2019, che possiede due discendenti diretti: cv \u2018Ciliegiolo\u2019 e cv \u2018Catarratto bianco faux\u2019. Contrariamente alla sua diffusa e storica presenza nell\u2019area tirrenica. il \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 possiede numerose parentele con cultivar coltivate nel Sud Italia, soprattutto in Sicilia e Calabria

Volatile compounds production during ripening of cv. \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 grapes from different terroir.

\u2018Sangiovese\u2019 (Vitis vinifera L. sativa cv. Sangiovese) is the main grape variety to be established in Italy, being the only country in Europe where this grape is commonly found. Effects of different terroir on the aroma profiles in must of \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 grapes were investigated in two Tuscany areas to study the relationship genotype/environment. Grape volatile compounds are the main contributor to the fresh and fruity note in wines. Compounds responsible for this aroma are different depending on the cultural practices and climatic or biological factors and grape volatile composition can greatly vary during ripening. Volatile compounds of grapes are generally present in trace amounts and we used a SPME method to determine aroma composition of \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 grapes at different times during ripening and at harvest date. For a full understanding of the process, we also described by agronomic and phenological index the ripening of \u2018Sangiovese\u2019 in these two different areas, as well as weather data

Genealogy investigation in over 2300 grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

International audienceSince 1997, many studies based on the inheritance of nuclear microsatellite markers to verify or uncover the parentage of grapevine cultivars have been performed. The aim of the present study was to undertake an extended analysis using a large sample of Vitis vinifera cultivars held in the INRA “Domaine de Vassal” Grape Germplasm Repository (F-34340 Marseillan-Plage, France). We genotyped 5516 accessions with 20 nuclear SSR markers and checked their identity. The dataset of 2332 unique genotypes identified (without mutants) was analysed using FaMoz software. Parentages showing a LOD score higher than 18 were validated in relation to historical data. During the process of creating the unique genotype table, we identified or confirmed approximately170 cases of cultivars displaying a mutation, mainly for berry skin colour but also for other traits such as leaf characteristics, flower sex, and ploidy level. The parentage analysis first permitted us to identify the full parentage of approximately 710 genotypes resulting in i) confirmations of the pedigree as stated by the breeder (180) or in previous published studies (80), ii) partial or complete invalidations of published pedigree (90), or iii) original discoveries (390). Second, in approximately 1150 genotypes, only incomplete parentages could be determined due to the absence of complementary parents in the cultivar sample. Last, in 284 genotypes, no direct relationship with another cultivar in the collection was revealed. Compiling these parentage results improves our knowledge of the genetic constitution of the V. vinifera cultivars and the identification of the main progenitors involved in varietal assortment, evolution, and grapevine breeding

Famoz: a software for large scale parentage analysis in Vitis vinifera L. species

Parentage analysis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is becoming more and more popular, but until now relatively small databases were realized. Due to the increasing activities on genetic diversity description in grape, the amount of data should soon be more consistent. Analysis of large scale data set is more difficult and until now it has never been accomplished in grape. The 2,919 different varieties of Vitis vinifera from the germplasm collection of ‘Domaine de Vassal’ have been analyzed using 20 SSR markers well scattered in the genome. This database will be very useful in order to decipher kinship relationships if we can handle such database. In the present paper, we tested a methodology for the analysis of large dataset, using FaMoz software. The method enabled the successful identification of parentage for several selected cultivars with known parentage. The fact that our markers were carefully selected on different linkage group added value to the analysis