Replication stress and chromatin context link ATM activation to a role in DNA replication

ATM-mediated signaling in response to DNA damage is a barrier to tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether replication stress could also contribute to ATM signaling. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DNA damage, ATM responds to replication stress in a hypoxia-induced heterochromatin-like context. In certain hypoxic conditions, replication stress occurs in the absence of detectable DNA damage. Hypoxia also induces H3K9me3, a histone modification associated with gene repression and heterochromatin. Hypoxia-induced replication stress together with increased H3K9me3 leads to ATM activation. Importantly, ATM prevents the accumulation of DNA damage in hypoxia. Most significantly, we describe a stress-specific role for ATM in maintaining DNA replication rates in a background of increased H3K9me3. Furthermore, the ATM-mediated response to oncogene-induced replication stress is enhanced in hypoxic conditions. Together, these data indicate that hypoxia plays a critical role in the activation of the DNA damage response, therefore contributing to this barrier to tumorigenesis

First identification and characterization of porcine enterovirus G in the United States

Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) is a member of the family Picornavirdae, genus Enterovirus. To date, eleven EV-G types (EV-G1 through EV-G11) have been identified in pigs from Asia and Europe however they have never been reported in North America. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete genome of NP/2013/USA, an EV-G from a porcine diarrhea sample from the United States. The complete genome consists of 7,390 nucleotides excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2,169 amino acid polyprotein. NP/2013/USA was most similar at the nucleotide (84%) and amino acid (95%) level to the HM131607, an EV-G1 type isolated from China in 2012

MEASURE THE USAGE OF E-RESOURCES: SCIENTOMETRIC MODEL

It is essential to evaluate the use of every resource that is acquired by the institute or through consortia. Therefore the objective of the study is to find trends in the usage of e-resources. The study emerged with three formulas such as Ratio of Resources, Ratio of Utilization and Resource Impact Factor. The study derived three axioms such as axiom 1 that Total number of downloads was directly proportional to the number of resources; Axiom 2 : Total number of downloads was directly proportional to the number of users and Axiom 3: Uses of e-resources were directly proportional to the number of resources and number of users. To prove the axioms, the data available regarding of usage of e-resources through e-ShodhShiindu (eSS) Consortium at the https://infistat.inflibnet.ac.in/ has been taken for analysis. The usage trends of nine full-text journals of the Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University were taken up from 2012 to 2019. Use of e-resources was directly proportional to the number of resources and the number of users and not by the number of downloads. This paper emphasizes different parameters in measuring the use of e-resources subscribed based on the number of downloads

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM WITHANIA SOMNIFERA (L.) DUNAL

The metal nanoparticle synthesis is highly explored the field of nanotechnology. The biological methods seem to be more effective because of slowreduction rate and polydispersity of the final products. The main aim of this study is too the rapid and simplistic synthesis of silver nanoparticlesby Withania somnifera Linn. at room temperature. The exposure of reaction mixtures containing silver nitrate and dried leaf powder of W. somniferaresulted in reduction of metal ions within 5 minutes. The extracellular synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible,infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, zeta potential, Fourier transform IR, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial andantifungal studies showed significant activity as compared to their respective standards. From the results, W. somnifera sliver nanoparticle has attainedthe maximum antimicrobial against clinical pathogens and also seen very good stability of nanoparticle throughput processing. As we concluded, thistype of naturally synthesized sliver nanoparticle could be a better green revolution in medicinal chemistry.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Silver nanoparticles, Withania somnifera

Methyl 3-(4-isopropyl­phen­yl)-1-phenyl-3,3a,4,9b-tetra­hydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C27H27NO4, the five-membered isoxazole ring adopts an envelope conformation and the six-membered pyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the isoxazole ring and the chromene ring system is 54.95 (4)°

(Benzyl­amine)chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) dichloride hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CoCl(C2H8N2)2(C7H9N)]Cl2·0.5H2O, there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions and one water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. Both CoIII ions are bonded to two chelating ethylenediamine ligands, one benzylamine molecule and one chloride ion. The crystal packing is through N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Methyl 6-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,6a,7,12b-octa­hydro­chromeno[4′,3′:4,5]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6a-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C24H21ClN2O6, the two fused six-membered pyran rings adopt half-chair conformations. The dihedral angle between the pyrimidine ring and the chloro­phenyl ring is 51.55 (3)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. A C—H⋯π inter­action is also observed

Crystal structure of 8-hydroxyquinolin-ium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate mono-hydrate

The authors thank SAIF, IIT Madras for the data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)(4-methyl­aniline)cobalt(III) dichloride monohydrate

In the title compound, [CoCl(C2H8N2)2(C7H9N)]Cl2·H2O, the CoIII ion has a distorted octa­hedral coordination environment and is surrounded by four N atoms in an equatorial plane, with the other N and Cl atoms occupying the axial positions. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Intracellular granzyme A expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in pulmonary tuberculosis

Cell-mediated immunity is a key weapon of host defence against tuberculosis (TB). Granzyme A (GzmA), a serine protease, present in the granules of cytotoxic cells induces caspase-independent cell death. We estimated the proportion of GzmA producing lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from 59 normal healthy volunteers and 48 pulmonary TB (PTB) patients using flow cytometry. When compared with normal healthy subjects, we observed a significantly higher percentage of GzmA-positive CD56+ cells (P = 0.01) in PTB patients. However, when the absolute number was compared between the two groups, a significantly decreased number of GzmA-expressing CD16+ (P = 0.01) and CD56+ (P = 0.0001) cells was observed in patients and this could be explained by the significantly reduced number of total lymphocytes (P = 0.0009) seen in the patients. There was no significant difference in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ GzmA double-positive cells between the two study groups. CD56 is a natural killer cell marker and these cells represent innate immune response to TB. We report an increased percentage of CD56+ cells expressing GzmA in TB patients, which shows the relevance of the GzmA-mediated pathway of apoptosis in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis