131,792 research outputs found
Symmetric Real Dirac Fermions and Semimetals
Recently Weyl fermions have attracted increasing interest in condensed matter
physics due to their rich phenomenology originated from their nontrivial
monopole charges. Here we present a theory of real Dirac points that can be
understood as real monopoles in momentum space, serving as a real
generalization of Weyl fermions with the reality being endowed by the
symmetry. The real counterparts of topological features of Weyl semimetals,
such as Nielsen-Ninomiya no-go theorem, D sub topological insulators and
Fermi arcs, are studied in the symmetric Dirac semimetals, and the
underlying reality-dependent topological structures are discussed. In
particular, we construct a minimal model of the real Dirac semimetals based on
recently proposed cold atom experiments and quantum materials about
symmetric Dirac nodal line semimetals.Comment: 7.5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Understanding Streaming and Copyright: A Comparison of the United States and European Regimes
Source bearing and steering-vector estimation using partially calibrated arrays
The problem of source direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using a sensor array is addressed, where some of the sensors are perfectly calibrated, while others are uncalibrated. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the source directions in addition to the estimation of unknown array parameters such as sensor gains and phases, as a way of performing array self-calibration. The cost function is an extension of the maximum likelihood (ML) criteria that were originally developed for DOA estimation with a perfectly calibrated array. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to explore the high-dimensional problem space and find the global minimum of the cost function. The design of the PSO is a combination of the problem-independent kernel and some newly introduced problem-specific features such as search space mapping, particle velocity control, and particle position clipping. This architecture plus properly selected parameters make the PSO highly flexible and reusable, while being sufficiently specific and effective in the current application. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique may produce more accurate estimates of the source bearings and unknown array parameters in a cheaper way as compared with other popular methods, with the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) approaching and asymptotically attaining the Cramer Rao bound (CRB) even in unfavorable conditions
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