O papel da escola no controle e prevenção das intoxicações por medicamentos e saneantes em crianças

Este artigo trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica de natureza exploratória a qual tem por objetivo promover a reflexão sobre a atuação da Vigilância Sanitária nas escolas, abordando a prevenção da intoxicação infantil por medicamentos e saneantes. A pesquisa foi realizada na análise de documentos indexados nos seguintes bancos de dados: LILACS, PubMed, Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Medline. A temática abordada incluiu a toxicovigilância, aliada a métodos pedagógicos que visam informar sobre a prevenção de forma educativa e inclusiva. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho propõe uma integração entre profissionais de saúde, educação e sociedade para a construção de condutas educativas e regulatórias que sejam eficazes na expressão do risco, voltadas para a proteção das crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar. Além disso, este estudo sugere a intervenção sanitária por meio de legislação apropriada e do programa de educação em saúde, contextualizando a realidade social de uma determinada região

Psicologia e o Grupo Operativo na Atenção Básica em Saúde

This study aimed to conduct a review of the historical social process in the use of operative groups, as a larger intervention process in Primary Health Care. It is an integrative, exploratory, descriptive, and analytical research. The study included 16 articles, considering account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Operative groups have been widely employed by Family Health Strategies. This practice proved to be efficient in all studies, achieving promising results in promotion, prevention, and education health. We suggest that it is important to develop the training spaces of professionals who use this methodology.Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre o emprego de grupos operativos, como um processo de intervenção ampliada na Atenção Básica em Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa integrativa de natureza exploratória, de cunho descritivo e analítico. Foram incluídos nesse estudo 16 artigos, levando em consideração os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os grupos operativos têm sido amplamente empregados pelas Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Esse processo prático se mostrou eficiente em todos os estudos, alcançando resultados promissores na promoção, prevenção e educação em saúde. Sugerimos ser importante o desenvolvimento de espaços de capacitação dos profissionais que utilizam essa metodologia.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión del proceso social histórico en el uso de grupos operativos, como un proceso de intervención mayor en atención primaria de salud. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria de integración, la naturaleza descriptiva y analítica. Los grupos operativos han sido ampliamente utilizados por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Esta práctica demostró ser eficiente en todos los estudios, logrando resultados prometedores en la promoción, prevención y educación de la salud. Sugerimos que es importante desarrollar la formación de profesionales que utilizan esta metodología

Balantidium coli in Pigs of Distinct Animal Husbandry Categories and Different Hygienic-Sanitary Standards in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Background: Balantidium coli is a commensal protozoan that infects several animals, but it has pigs as its natural reservoir. In the presence of predisposing factors, B. coli can become pathogenic for swine, causing enteric lesions. Infections determined by this protozoan may be a risk to public health, due to dysentery in animal keepers and veterinarians. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by B. coli in pigs of distinct husbandry categories, as well as unlike physiological state, kept in farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Stool samples were collected from 12 different farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards being four farms of finisher pigs (G1; n = 287), four farms with pregnant females (G2; n = 60) and four farms with lactation sows (G3;  n = 40), and all samples were submitted to coproparasitological analyses to verify the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli. The infection levels were considered mild (1-100 cyst/trophozoite), moderate (101300 cyst/trophozoite) and high (>300 cysts/trophozoite). In addition, information about hygienic-sanitary conditions of each farm was collected. The occurrence of B. coli infection in all swine stool samples analyzed was 60.9% (236/387); however, in G1, G2 and G3 was 54.7% (157/287), 91.7% (55/60) and 65% (26/40) respectively. There was significant difference in the occurrence of G1 (P < 0.05) except between farms B and C (67.9% and 56.6% respectively). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of B. coli found in G2 and G3. The infection levels were considered predominantly mild in G1; and mild to moderate in G2 and G3.Discussion: In this research it was confirmed the presence of B. coli in swine farms located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. This area is known as being an important producer of pigs in Brazil. The results obtained in this study, demonstrated that swine farms with better hygienic and sanitary standards, had mild infections by B. coli. However, the presence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, can occur even in properties with good management practices. However, protozoa infections can cause important production losses, especially when associated with other pathogens or nutritional problems. The occurrence of B. coli observed in pregnant (G2) and lactating (G3) females was significant, and the infection level was mild to moderate. These conditions suggest that pregnancy, childbirth and lactation are critical stages for females, mainly due to physiological stress, resulting in a change in the hormonal levels and immune status of the animals. Thus, these factors cause declines in the immune response of pigs making them susceptible to infections and the increase of cyst excretion of B. coli in feces. The abundance of protozoan cysts in feces contaminates the environment and increases the risk of infections in humans. In addition, it was demonstrated the occurrence of B. coli in an important site of swine production in RS, Brazil. B. coli is related to the physiological state of the animals and the hygienic and sanitary management in different categories of swine. In conclusion, this study highlights the epidemiological importance of swine as natural reservoir of Balantidium coli and the risk potential of infection to animals and humans. Additionally, sanitary program in farming pigs must be improved in order to guarantee healthy and food-safe product for consumers

O papel da escola no controle e prevenção das intoxicações por medicamentos e saneantes em crianças

Este artigo trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica de natureza exploratória a qual tem por objetivo promover a reflexão sobre a atuação da Vigilância Sanitária nas escolas, abordando a prevenção da intoxicação infantil por medicamentos e saneantes. A pesquisa foi realizada na análise de documentos indexados nos seguintes bancos de dados: LILACS, PubMed, Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Medline. A temática abordada incluiu a toxicovigilância, aliada a métodos pedagógicos que visam informar sobre a prevenção de forma educativa e inclusiva. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho propõe uma integração entre profissionais de saúde, educação e sociedade para a construção de condutas educativas e regulatórias que sejam eficazes na expressão do risco, voltadas para a proteção das crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar. Além disso, este estudo sugere a intervenção sanitária por meio de legislação apropriada e do programa de educação em saúde, contextualizando a realidade social de uma determinada região

Balantidium coli in Pigs of Distinct Animal Husbandry Categories and Different Hygienic-Sanitary Standards in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Background: Balantidium coli is a commensal protozoan that infects several animals, but it has pigs as its natural reservoir. In the presence of predisposing factors, B. coli can become pathogenic for swine, causing enteric lesions. Infections determined by this protozoan may be a risk to public health, due to dysentery in animal keepers and veterinarians. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by B. coli in pigs of distinct husbandry categories, as well as unlike physiological state, kept in farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Stool samples were collected from 12 different farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards being four farms of finisher pigs (G1; n = 287), four farms with pregnant females (G2; n = 60) and four farms with lactation sows (G3;  n = 40), and all samples were submitted to coproparasitological analyses to verify the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli. The infection levels were considered mild (1-100 cyst/trophozoite), moderate (101300 cyst/trophozoite) and high (>300 cysts/trophozoite). In addition, information about hygienic-sanitary conditions of each farm was collected. The occurrence of B. coli infection in all swine stool samples analyzed was 60.9% (236/387); however, in G1, G2 and G3 was 54.7% (157/287), 91.7% (55/60) and 65% (26/40) respectively. There was significant difference in the occurrence of G1 (P < 0.05) except between farms B and C (67.9% and 56.6% respectively). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of B. coli found in G2 and G3. The infection levels were considered predominantly mild in G1; and mild to moderate in G2 and G3.Discussion: In this research it was confirmed the presence of B. coli in swine farms located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. This area is known as being an important producer of pigs in Brazil. The results obtained in this study, demonstrated that swine farms with better hygienic and sanitary standards, had mild infections by B. coli. However, the presence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, can occur even in properties with good management practices. However, protozoa infections can cause important production losses, especially when associated with other pathogens or nutritional problems. The occurrence of B. coli observed in pregnant (G2) and lactating (G3) females was significant, and the infection level was mild to moderate. These conditions suggest that pregnancy, childbirth and lactation are critical stages for females, mainly due to physiological stress, resulting in a change in the hormonal levels and immune status of the animals. Thus, these factors cause declines in the immune response of pigs making them susceptible to infections and the increase of cyst excretion of B. coli in feces. The abundance of protozoan cysts in feces contaminates the environment and increases the risk of infections in humans. In addition, it was demonstrated the occurrence of B. coli in an important site of swine production in RS, Brazil. B. coli is related to the physiological state of the animals and the hygienic and sanitary management in different categories of swine. In conclusion, this study highlights the epidemiological importance of swine as natural reservoir of Balantidium coli and the risk potential of infection to animals and humans. Additionally, sanitary program in farming pigs must be improved in order to guarantee healthy and food-safe product for consumers

Epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of sheep conidiobolomycosis in Brazil

ABSTRACT: Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging disease caused by fungi of the cosmopolitan genus Conidiobolus . Particular strains of Conidiobolus coronatus, Conidiobolus incongruus and Conidiobolus lamprauges , mainly from tropical or sub-tropical origin, cause the mycosis in humans and animals, domestic or wild. Lesions are usually granulomatous and necrotic in character, presenting two clinical forms: rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal. This review includes the main features of the disease in sheep, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and diagnosis of infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. in Brazil. In this country, the disease is endemic in the Northeast and Midwest, affecting predominantly woolless sheep breeds and occasioning death in the majority of the studied cases. The species responsible for infections of sheep are C. coronatus and C. lamprauges and the predominant clinical presentation is nasopharyngeal. These fungal infections are very important, since they compromise the health status of the sheep flock and cause serious economic losses to the sheep industry. Thus, research is needed to investigate faster tools for diagnosis and effective methods for the control and treatment of conidiobolomycosis