Cluster Based Optimization of Routing in Distributed Sensor Networks Using Bayesian Networks with Tabu Search

This paper proposes a cluster based optimizat ion of routing in Distributed Sensor Network (DSN) by employing aBayesian network with Tabu search approach. Bayesian Network based approach is used to select efficient clusterheads, as well as construction of Bayesian Networks for the proposed scheme. This approach incorporates energylevel of each node, bandwidth and link efficiency. Simulations have been conducted to compare the performance ofthe proposed approach and LEACH.The optimization of routing is considered as a design issue in DSNs due to lack of energy consumption, delayand maximum time required for data transmission between source nodes (cluster heads) to sink node. In this work,optimization of routing takes place through cluster head nodes by using Tabu search. This meta - heuristic techniqueis used to optimize the routing in the DSN environment that guides a local search procedure to explore the solutionspace beyond local optimality. The objective of the proposed work is to improve the performance of network interms of energy consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and time efficiency of optimizat ion of routing. Theresults shows that the proposed approach perform better than LEACH protocol and proposed protocol utilizesminimum energy and latency for cluster formation, thereby reducing the overhead of the protocol

Data Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor network (WSN) has set of wireless intelligent sensor nodes with high speed network. Nodes are deployed randomly in a surge of unanticipated applications. The routing is one of the most important challenges in WSNs for data transmission over the sensor nodes. The paper proposes the data aware routing in WSNs, which incorporates energy efficient routing of data. The objective of the proposed work is to improve the performance of network in terms of energy consumption and throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed approach perform better in-terms of utilization of minimum energy, efficient for cluster formation, and reduce communication overhead in WSNs

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SAPONIN FROM ABUTILON INDICUM LEAVES

ABSTRACTObjective: Aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of crude saponin extract (CSE) from Abutilon indicum leaves.Methods: CSE was subjected for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify its components. Antibacterial potentialwas analyzed using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected using 96-well plate method, againstStaphylococcus aureus (MTCC: 3160) and Escherichia coli (MTCC: 443). DNA damage study was performed using comet assay. Antioxidant capabilitywas studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay.Results: GC-MS analysis suggested a library match to benzene-1-4-bis(phenylmethyl), with a molecular weight of 258 g/mol to be the majorcomponent in the CSE at 21.25 RT. CSE demonstrated 96.16% free radical scavenging activity at 2.5 mg/ml concentration. CSE demonstrateda significant antibacterial activity in the well diffusion assay, S. aureus 17 mm and E. coli 15 mm, with a MIC value of 1.11 mg/ml. Comet assaydemonstrated no DNA damage.Conclusion: These results conclude that CSE of A. indicum leaves possesses promising antibacterial and antioxidant potential.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Saponin, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Antibacterial assay

Management of bipolar depression with lamotrigine: an antiepileptic mood stabilizer

The efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of focal epilepsies have already been reported in several case reports and open studies, which is thought to act by inhibiting glutamate release through voltage-sensitive sodium channels blockade and neuronal membrane stabilization. However, recent findings have also illustrated the importance of lamotrigine in alleviating the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder, without causing mood destabilization or precipitating mania. Currently, no mood stabilizers are available having equal efficacy in the treatment of both mania and depression, two of which forms the extreme sides of the bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine, a well established anticonvulsant has received regulatory approval for the treatment and prevention of bipolar depression in more than 30 countries worldwide. Lamotrigine, acts through several molecular targets and overcomes the major limitation of other conventional antidepressants by stabilizing mood from ‘below baseline’ thereby preventing switches to mania or episode acceleration, thus being effective for bipolar I disorder. Recent studies have also suggested that these observations could also be extended to patients with bipolar II disorder. Thus, lamotrigine may supposedly fulfill the unmet requirement for an effective depression mood stabilizer

Improvement of Bod5/Cod Ratio Inpre-Treated Distillery Waste Water by Electrochemical Treatment Method

Electrochemical oxidation of low (BOD5/COD) ratio post-methanation distillery wastewater was investigated. The effects of operating parameters like pH, electrolysis duration and current density on COD removal were studied. At a current density of 0.03 Ampere/cm2 and at pH 3 the COD removal was found to be 72%. The BOD5/COD ratio of pretreated distillery wastewater was 0.145 and increased to 0.686 for an optimum of 120 minutes electrolysis duration indicating improvement of biodegradability of wastewater. The TOC reduction is 8.77% at 180 minutes of electrolysis duration. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 21.58 kg COD h-1A-1m-2 and the minimum energy consumption observed was 84.16 wh kg-1 COD. The kinetic study reveals that reaction rate (k) decreases with increase in pH and increases with increase in current density

Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea

Electrochemical Pretreatment of Distillery Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode

Electrochemical (EC) oxidation of distillery wastewater with low (BOD5/COD) ratio was investigated using aluminum plates as electrodes. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, electrolysis duration, and current density on COD removal were studied. At a current density of 0.03 A cm-2 and at pH 3, the COD removal was found to be 72.3%. The BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.15 to 0.68 for an optimum of 120-min electrolysis duration indicating improvement of biodegradability of wastewater. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 21.58 kg COD h-1 A-1 m-2, and the minimum energy consumption observed was 0.084 kWh kg-1 COD. The kinetic study results revealed that reaction rate (k) decreased from 0.011 to 0.0063 min-1 with increase in pH from 3 to 9 while the k value increased from 0.0035 to 0.0102 min-1 with increase in current density from 0.01 to 0.03 A cm-2. This study showed that the COD reduction is more influenced by the current density. The linear and the nonlinear regression models reveal that the COD reduction is influenced by the applied current density

Study of the Electrochemical Process for Distillery Wastewater Treatment

In this work the electrochemical (EC) process is used as a pretreatment step for the treatment of distillery wastewater using iron plates as electrodes in a batch EC reactor. The maximum COD removal of 56% was achieved at a current density of 0.10 A cm-2 with 140 min of electrolysis time at wastewater pH of 3. The BOD to COD ratio increased from 0.15 to 0.52 indicating improvement in wastewater biodegradability. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 2.68 kg COD h-1A-1m-2 with a corresponding energy consumption of 0.71 kWh kg-1 COD

Organoaxial volvulus of descending colon: a case report

“Colonic volvulus” refers to the twisting of colon, which most commonly involves sigmoid colon causing obstruction, ischemia and gangrene. But very rarely segment of descending colon can be involved. This is a case of 42 year old male with vomiting, abdomen pain and distension since one day, showing organoaxial volvulus of descending colon loop with a twist of mesentery