Implementación de un gemelo digital utilizando sistemas embebidos y modelamiento 3D del módulo sorting aportando en la enseñanza de la UPS

En la actualidad el mundo atraviesa por una pandemia global, la cual ha provocado estragos económicos a varios sectores del Ecuador, de igual manera en el sector privado y público, con esto ha provocado cambios en las actividades que solían hacer de forma normal, como es el caso en el aprovechamiento de los laboratorios de la UPS, lo que permita acceder a un conocimiento adecuado de parte de los docentes hacia los estudiantes. El presente proyecto de titulación describe la ejecución de un gemelo digital del Módulo Sorting del MPS, en este proceso se involucran dos partes la primera es la digitalización del Módulo Sorting por medio de un software de diseño CAD que permite la simulación y la segunda parte es la comunicación entre el diseño digital y el físico, esto en conjunto permite el análisis del comportamiento de los diferentes componentes como son: actuadores y sensores que son obligatorios para el normal funcionamiento del gemelo digital. El gemelo digital recrea un entorno ideal para el aprendizaje y aprovechamiento del laboratorio de MPS, por parte de los estudiantes y a su vez por docentes quienes han sido en gran parte afectados por la pandemia, la cual ha modificado el aprendizaje tradicional a uno virtual y por medio de este diseño permita lograr una enseñanza acorde a estos cambios que atravesamos y contribuir en el aprendizaje de los futuros profesionales que brinda la UPS. En el presente trabajo se logró conectar la estación de clasificación (Sorting) y su modelo digital utilizando el protocolo de comunicación ethernet con un retraso entre los modelos relativamente pequeño y poder observar la ejecución en los dos modelos simultáneamente.At present, the world is going through a global pandemic, which has caused economic havoc in various sectors of Ecuador, in the same way in the private and public sectors, with this it has caused changes in the activities that they used to do normally, such as the case in the use of UPS laboratories, which allows access to adequate knowledge from teachers to students. This degree project describes the execution of a digital twin of the MPS Sorting Module, two parts are involved in this process, the first is the digitization of the Sorting Module by means of CAD design software that allows simulation and the second part is the communication between the digital and the physical design, this together allows the analysis of the behavior of the different components such as: actuators and sensors that are mandatory for the normal operation of the digital twin. The digital twin recreates an ideal environment for learning and taking advantage of the MPS laboratory, by students and, in turn, by teachers who have been largely affected by the pandemic, which has modified traditional learning to a virtual one and for Through this design, it allows us to achieve teaching according to these changes that we are going through and contribute to the learning of future professionals offered by UPS. In the present work, it was possible to connect the sorting station and its digital model using the ethernet communication protocol with a small delay between the models and to be able to observe the execution in the two models simultaneously

Entomopathogenic nematology in Latin America: A brief history, current research and future prospects

Since the 1980s, research into entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in Latin America has produced many remarkable discoveries. In fact, 16 out of the 117 recognized species of EPNs have been recovered and described in the subcontinent, with many more endemic species and/or strains remaining to be discovered and identified. In addition, from an applied perspective, numerous technological innovations have been accomplished in relation to their implementation in biocontrol. EPNs have been evaluated against over 170 species of agricultural and urban insects, mites, and plant-parasitic nematodes under laboratory and field conditions. While much success has been recorded, many accomplishments remain obscure, due to their publication in non-English journals, thesis dissertations, conference proceedings, and other non-readily available sources. The present review provides a brief history of EPNs in Latin America, including current findings and future perspectives.Fil: San Blas, Ernesto. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Campos Herrera, Raquel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Dolinski, Claudia. Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Caio. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Andaló, Vanessa. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Leite, Luis Garrigós. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rodríguez, Mayra G.. Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria; CubaFil: Morales Montero, Patricia. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Sáenz Aponte, Adriana. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Cedano, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; PerúFil: López Nuñez, Juan Carlos. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones del Café; ColombiaFil: del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Doucet, Marcelo Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Lax, Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Navarro, Patricia D.. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; ChileFil: Báez, Francisco. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Llumiquinga, Pablo. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Ruiz Vega, Jaime. Instituto Politécnico Nacional ; MéxicoFil: Guerra Moreno, Abby. Laboratorio de Biotecnología; PanamáFil: Stock, S. Patricia. University of Arizona; Estados Unido

Distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in agricultural crops of Ecuador: a literature review (1976–2021)

In Ecuador, as in other Latin American countries, the agricultural sector has a high economic as well as sociocultural importance. Nevertheless, there is a large group of plant-parasitic nematodes that affect the development and longevity of plants, thereby resulting in a reduction in crop yielding. Out of all of these, the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are particularly noteworthy as they cause severe economic losses with their wide geographical distribution and their potential to infect a wide variety of crops. With the main purpose of updating knowledge on biodiversity, occurrence, and distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in Ecuador crops, an advanced search of information for a period of 45 years in national and international databases was made. The main crops affected by this group of plant-parasitic nematodes were found to be Solanaceae (S. lycopersicum, S. betaceum, S. quitoense and Capsicum annuum), as well as Musa sp., Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Lactuca sativa. To date, a total of five Meloidogyne species have been identified in Ecuador, being M. incognita the more frequent, followed by M. arenaria, M. graminicola, M. hapla and M. javanica. Furthermore, the identification technique most commonly used in RKN diagnostic was the classical technique, mainly based on females’ perineal pattern and measurements of second-stage juveniles, followed by molecular, cytogenetics, and isoenzyme analysis. This research represents a guideline for future research in crops and Ecuador provinces that have not yet been thoroughly examined in what concerns the presence of root-knot nematodes