Vertical and horizontal variation of carbon pools and fluxes in soil profile of wet southern taiga in European Russia

Vertical and horizontal distributions of soil organic carbon, potential microbial activity and basic soil properties were studied in a boreal mixed forest (Central Forest Reserve, TVER region) to elucidate whether the soil CO2-efflux is related to basic soil properties that affect the C pool and activity. Soil cores (0–100 cm depth) were taken from two transects every 50 meters (44 points) immediately after completion of soil CO2-efflux measurements. Soil was separated into layers and moisture, bulk density, root density and bacterial counts were determined within one day after soil was taken. Microbial respiration, biomass, CN contents and pH were measured within few months. The variability in the soil CO2-efflux and microbial activity was mainly explained by soil bulk density. Results further indicate that laboratory measurements of microbial respiration can represent heterotrophic soil respiration of a distinctive ecosystem in natural conditions, if microbial respiration is measured after the effect of soil handling disappears

Distance learning of pupils with special educational needs from the perspective of primary school teachers

This thesis is concerned with identifying appropriate approaches to distance learning for pupils with special educational needs in mainstream primary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the system of education of pupils with special educational needs and the possibilities of their support. Furthermore, it describes the specifics of education of pupils with different types of disadvantages of pupils with special educational needs, defines distance education in general and summarizes the knowledge about distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the analysis of the existing knowledge about distance education of pupils with special educational needs, a questionnaire for teachers was compiled. The survey answered questions about the involvement of students with special educational needs in distance education. Based on the results and analysis of the survey, possible recommendations for distance education of pupils with special educational needs in primary schools were proposed.Diplomová práce se zabývá zjišťováním vhodných přístupů při distanční výuce žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami v základních školách hlavního vzdělávacího proudu. Teoretická část práce vymezuje systém vzdělávání žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami a možnosti jejich podpory. Dále popisuje specifika vzdělávání žáků s jednotlivými typy znevýhodnění žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami, vymezuje distanční výuku obecně a shrnuje poznatky o distanční výuce z důvodu pandemie Covid-19. Na základě analýzy dosavadních poznatků o distanční výuce žáků se SVP byl sestaven dotazník pro pedagogy. Šetření zodpovědělo otázky na téma zapojení žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami do distanční výuky. Na základě výsledků a analýzy šetření byla navržena možná doporučení pro distanční výuku žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami na základních školách.Katedra speciální pedagogikyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Individual speech therapy in school for children with auditory impairment

The subject of thesis was to investigate and compare the communication skills of pupils of the first class with a different type, degree of hearing loss and different living conditions. The methodology of work was based on principles of qualitative research; it is a case study of three students from the first grade class for children with hearing impairments; speech therapy of these three pupils who have different hearing loss and variable compensation of hearing loss was compared. Firstly, available materials of monitored pupils were studied, secondly the technique of "participant observation - full observer" was used to collect data. The set of thematic pictograms was used to compare comprehension and vocabulary of studied children. Significant differences between the observed students were revealed during the investigation. One boy (hard of hearing with a hearing aid) to communicates comparable to their peers without hearing impairment and had a very good vocabulary, which is probably due to regular wearing hearing aids since early childhood, early auditory and speech education and the excellent cooperation and support of the family. Another two students - a girl (residual hearing, hearing aids) and a boy (cochlear implant) - have a relatively small vocabulary, speech and communicate primarily..

Distance learning of pupils with special educational needs from the perspective of primary school teachers

This thesis is concerned with identifying appropriate approaches to distance learning for pupils with special educational needs in mainstream primary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the system of education of pupils with special educational needs and the possibilities of their support. Furthermore, it describes the specifics of education of pupils with different types of disadvantages of pupils with special educational needs, defines distance education in general and summarizes the knowledge about distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the analysis of the existing knowledge about distance education of pupils with special educational needs, a questionnaire for teachers was compiled. The survey answered questions about the involvement of students with special educational needs in distance education. Based on the results and analysis of the survey, possible recommendations for distance education of pupils with special educational needs in primary schools were proposed

Individual speech therapy in school for children with auditory impairment

The subject of thesis was to investigate and compare the communication skills of pupils of the first class with a different type, degree of hearing loss and different living conditions. The methodology of work was based on principles of qualitative research; it is a case study of three students from the first grade class for children with hearing impairments; speech therapy of these three pupils who have different hearing loss and variable compensation of hearing loss was compared. Firstly, available materials of monitored pupils were studied, secondly the technique of "participant observation - full observer" was used to collect data. The set of thematic pictograms was used to compare comprehension and vocabulary of studied children. Significant differences between the observed students were revealed during the investigation. One boy (hard of hearing with a hearing aid) to communicates comparable to their peers without hearing impairment and had a very good vocabulary, which is probably due to regular wearing hearing aids since early childhood, early auditory and speech education and the excellent cooperation and support of the family. Another two students - a girl (residual hearing, hearing aids) and a boy (cochlear implant) - have a relatively small vocabulary, speech and communicate primarily..