Komunikacja w wojsku w sytuacjach niepewności

The present publication presents problems of communication in situations of insecurity in staff commanders of the Armed Forces. It refers to the problems of verbal and non-verbal communication in hierarchical structures and its importance in the process of communicating in difficult situationsNiniejsza publikacja prezentuje problematykę komunikowania w sytuacjach niepewności wśród kadry dowódczej Sił Zbrojnych. Odnosi się do problemów komunikowania werbalnego i niewerbalnego w strukturach zhierarchizowanych i jej znaczenia w procesie porozumiewania się w trudnych sytuacjac

Intermittent fasting and its influence on health and sports results

Introduction            Intermittent fasting (IF) is most simply defined as periods of eating alternating with periods of not eating. It has become one of the most popular weight-loss diets in recent years. One reason for the rapid growth in popularity of intermittent fasting may be its simplicity, as this dietary regimen does not require a change in a person's current eating patterns, nor a change in foods. Aim of the study This review aims to present the current state of knowledge about intermittent fasting and answer the question of what effect this form of diet has on the human body and sports results and its benefits to health. Materials and methods            The paper was created based on the Pubmed database. The literature was reviewed using the keywords: ”intermittent fasting”, ”16/8 fasting” and ”diet standards”. The current state of knowledge            It has been shown that intermittent fasting can be helpful in controlling body weight and reducing metabolic diseases as a result of better glucose regulation and reduced inflammation. Weight reduction can also result in improved athletic performance. In addition, IF has positive effects on the cardiovascular system, specifically improving blood pressure, lowering heart rate, and regulating the body's lipid metabolism indicators. Summary            Although there is evidence of the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting, more research needs to be conducted to evaluate the mechanisms, efficacy in humans, target populations, and safety of intermittent fasting. Undoubtedly, a certain group of people may benefit greatly from this type of diet, as it does not require a change in current eating habits due to the simplicity of this diet

DLBCL pelvic lymphoma - non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma. Application of the US / MR imaging method in diagnosis and treatment monitoring

Lymphomas account for about 2% of all malignant neoplasms. They are neoplastic diseases characterized by massive growth of cells in the lymphatic system. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are the most common subtype. DLBCL is derived from mature, peripheral B lymphocytes of germination. Lymph nodes are the most common localization, but lymphoma is also primarily located in extra-nodal structures: stomach, tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, thyroid gland, bones and brain

Health effects of cold water immersion and swimming and its influence on the human body

Introduction             Immersing and swimming in cold water is an increasingly popular sport that has recently become a fashionable form of recreation in the winter months. People who regularly swim in cold water mention the many benefits associated with it. Aim of the study             This review aims to present the current state of knowledge about immersion and swimming in cold water and to answer questions about the impact of this phenomenon on the human body and its health benefits. Materials and methods             The PubMed database was used in this study.A literature review was conducted using the keywords “ice swimming,” “winter swimming,” “cold water swimming,” and “cold water immersion.” Results             Much research has been done on the effects of cold water swimming, both positive and negative. Ice swimming affects many systems of our body, including the circulatory system, the immune system, and the endocrine system, and also affects metabolic and mental changes in our body, as shown in the work below. Summary             A single immersion in cold water causes a stress reaction in the human body, while regular swimming in cold water causes the body to develop many positive physiological changes. Despite the benefits, it is still important to remember the risks involved, and more research should be done to minimize these dangers

A comparison of pathological findings in head computed to-mography with clinical presentation of pediatric patients in the Emergency Department

Pediatric trauma is a cause for over 750.000 visits to emergency departments each year. Of all types of traumas, head injuries represent the group at most risk. Computed tomography (CT) is still the most frequently used advanced imaging method to distinguish cases of severe injuries out of thousands of mild or apparently trivial injuries. The aim of this study was to review the results of CT in terms of clinical prediagnosis and radiological findings in children categorized into four age groups, who underwent a CT scan in the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Among all CT studies, no findings were found in 552 (80.23%) patients, whereas CT findings were detected in 98 (14.2%) boys and 38 (5.5%) girls from all participants. The incidence of lesions in the male group is 2 times higher than in the female group. The most common abnormality was hematoma representing 26.47% of all confirmed lesions and 5.23% among all head CTs performed from the ED. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the evaluation of some head emergencies. However, in the majority of cases, the clinical presentation with which children present to the ED does not correlate with the severity of neuroimaging results

The role of imaging techniques in the diagnostics and monitoring of treatment of Sturge-Weber’s syndrome

Sturge-Weber\u27s syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis) is a rare, non-hereditary syndrome of congenital abnormalities. It is one of the phakomatoses. The incidence of this syndrome is estimated at 1 in 20,000 - 50,000 live births. The cause of SWS is a somatic mutation in the GNAQ gene. A typical picture of a person suffering from SWS is a child with vascular malformation on the face - a \u27port-wine stain\u27 birthmark. Other clinical symptoms include seizures, glaucoma, headache, stroke-like transient neurological deficits, and behavior problems

Polysplenia and other anatomical variants of the spleen

The anatomy, physiology and embryology of the spleen are essential fields of study for the determination of congenital varieties as well as the pathological processes occurring in this organ.The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the proper development of the spleen and to present structural variants that may be of clinical significance or be important from the radiologist's point of view.Structural changes of the spleen may result in non-specific clinical symptoms, which may confuse an inexperienced physician. Inaccurate diagnosis and late diagnosis have various negative, often even fatal, consequences. In order to make an appropriate diagnosis, and thus help the patient in a timely manner, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge about the variants of the structure of the spleen. Knowledge of anatomical variations is essential for the development of a differential diagnosis, which enables the correct diagnosis to be made

Ketoacidosis and otitis media as a potencial cause of cerebral venous thrombosis in a 7-year-old boy

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in childhood is a rare disorder, occurring most often in the neonatal period, with mortality approaching 10%. This condition has multifactorial etiology including common childhood illnesses such as fever, infection, dehydration, and anemia, as well as acute and chronic medical conditions such as congenital heart disease, nephrotic syndrome,  and malignancy. Thrombosis can also develop and propagate in response to local venous stasis. A large number of children have coincident local head or neck pathology, including head trauma, brain tumors, or recent intracranial surgery. Clinical symptoms are frequently nonspecific and include seizures, depressed level of consciousness, coma, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, headache, visual impairment, papilledema, and hemiparesis, which may often obscure the diagnosis and delay treatment. In the case of patients with neurological symptoms, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT)  and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are invaluable in diagnostics of various pathologies of the nervous system, because of their non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and specificity. Early diagnosis with management along with a plan for secondary prevention can save from catastrophic consequences

A comparison of pathological findings in head computed to-mography with clinical presentation of pediatric patients in the Emergency Department

Pediatric trauma is a cause for over 750.000 visits to emergency departments each year. Of all types of traumas, head injuries represent the group at most risk. Computed tomography (CT) is still the most frequently used advanced imaging method to distinguish cases of severe injuries out of thousands of mild or apparently trivial injuries. The aim of this study was to review the results of CT in terms of clinical prediagnosis and radiological findings in children categorized into four age groups, who underwent a CT scan in the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Among all CT studies, no findings were found in 552 (80.23%) patients, whereas CT findings were detected in 98 (14.2%) boys and 38 (5.5%) girls from all participants. The incidence of lesions in the male group is 2 times higher than in the female group. The most common abnormality was hematoma representing 26.47% of all confirmed lesions and 5.23% among all head CTs performed from the ED. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the evaluation of some head emergencies. However, in the majority of cases, the clinical presentation with which children present to the ED does not correlate with the severity of neuroimaging results