10 research outputs found

    Streamlined LCA in product EHS : A case study of Sandvik Mining

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    Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is today an established environmental tool which allows companies to assess the environmental impact of its products. Considering all inputs and outputs that a product uses in its entire life cycle; an LCA study gives a quantified expression of environmental performance. Theory does however not always go hand in hand with practice and it is common that companies simply cannot justify the resources that an LCA study requires. Derived from LCA, Streamlining LCA (SLCA) offers companies a more manageable environmental assessment by deliberately excluding parts of an LCA study and still recieve results that are reliable and useful. There are however many ways to approach SLCA and a company needs to clearly understand its own unique requirements of using it. This research examines LCA and SLCA theory, and then it analyzes the case of Sandvik Mining, in order to describe how SLCA can be adapted and used as an environmental tool and incorporated into a company’s existing new product development model. The methods include literature analysis, review of both internal and external documentation, and semi-structured interviews. The findings include that SLCA can be justified at Sandvik Mining based on their current requirements of using it. A recommended incorporation of SLCA into Sandvik Mining’s new product development model is suggested. Overall, the findings are sensitive to the unique situation of the case study and these should be viewed as an initial effort to work with SLCA

    Pupils' incapability to verbally participate during lessons.

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    I skolans vÀrld sitter det alldeles för mÄnga elever under tystnad och observerar sina aktiva klasskamrater under samtal, diskussioner och frÄgestunder i stÀllet för att sjÀlva medverka. Studien Àr tÀnkt att ge svar pÄ vad som ligger bakom elevernas bristande deltagande. Eleverna behöver fÄ en insikt i hur viktig kommunikationen med omvÀrlden Àr. Studien utgÄr ifrÄn pragmatismen och det sociokulturella perspektivet. För att komma tillrÀtta med problemet sÄ gjordes en empirisk undersökning dÀr utvalda elever fick svara pÄ frÄgor gÀllande deras deltagande under lektionerna. Den genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserades genom konventionell innehÄllsanalys. Studien visade pÄ att eleverna ofta hÀnger upp sig pÄ att de inte vet svaret i en specifik frÄga och att de inte vÄgar ta upp det i en diskussion. Eleverna Àr medvetna om att mÄnga tankar, felaktiga eller ej, faktiskt startar upp givande samtal som mynnar ut i korrekta svar pÄ stÀllda frÄgor och lösningar pÄ uppkomna problem. Slutsatsen av studien visade pÄ vikten av att arbeta vidare för ett klassrumsklimat dÀr alla kÀnner sig inkluderade och vÄgar ta plats. Eleverna har i studien visat pÄ förbÀttringar som kan vara till hjÀlp och dessa ska implementeras för en mer jÀmstÀlld undervisning.

    Pupils' incapability to verbally participate during lessons.

    No full text
    I skolans vÀrld sitter det alldeles för mÄnga elever under tystnad och observerar sina aktiva klasskamrater under samtal, diskussioner och frÄgestunder i stÀllet för att sjÀlva medverka. Studien Àr tÀnkt att ge svar pÄ vad som ligger bakom elevernas bristande deltagande. Eleverna behöver fÄ en insikt i hur viktig kommunikationen med omvÀrlden Àr. Studien utgÄr ifrÄn pragmatismen och det sociokulturella perspektivet. För att komma tillrÀtta med problemet sÄ gjordes en empirisk undersökning dÀr utvalda elever fick svara pÄ frÄgor gÀllande deras deltagande under lektionerna. Den genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserades genom konventionell innehÄllsanalys. Studien visade pÄ att eleverna ofta hÀnger upp sig pÄ att de inte vet svaret i en specifik frÄga och att de inte vÄgar ta upp det i en diskussion. Eleverna Àr medvetna om att mÄnga tankar, felaktiga eller ej, faktiskt startar upp givande samtal som mynnar ut i korrekta svar pÄ stÀllda frÄgor och lösningar pÄ uppkomna problem. Slutsatsen av studien visade pÄ vikten av att arbeta vidare för ett klassrumsklimat dÀr alla kÀnner sig inkluderade och vÄgar ta plats. Eleverna har i studien visat pÄ förbÀttringar som kan vara till hjÀlp och dessa ska implementeras för en mer jÀmstÀlld undervisning.

    Uppsala University Signals and Systems Time-domain Reconstruction Methods for Ultrasonic Array Imaging A Statistical Approach

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    This thesis is concerned with reconstruction techniques for ultrasonic array imaging based on a statistical approach. The reconstruction problem is posed as the estimation of an image consisting of scattering strengths. To solve the estimation problem, a time-domain spatially-variant model of the imaging system is developed based on the spatial impulse response method. The image reconstruction is formulated as a linearized inverse-scattering problem in which the time and space discrete natures of the imaging setup as well as measurement uncertainties are taken into account. The uncertainties are modeled in terms of a Gaussian distribution. The scattering strengths are estimated using two prior probability density functions (PDF’s), Gaussian and exponential PDF’s. For the Gaussian PDF, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach results in an analytical solution in the form of a linear spatio-temporal filter which deconvolves the diffraction distortion due to the finite-sized transducer. The exponential distribution leads to a positivity constrained quadratic programming (PCQP) problem that is solved using efficient optimization algorithms. In contrast to traditional beamforming methods (based on delay-and-summation), the reconstruction approach proposed here accounts both for diffraction effects and for the transducer’s electro-mechanical characteristics. The simulation and experimental results presented show that the performances of the linear MAP and nonlinear PCQP estimators are superior to classical beamforming in terms of resolution and sidelobe level, and that the proposed methods can effectively reduce spatial aliasing errors present in the conventional beamforming methods

    Automatic Detection of Defects in Riveted Lap-joints using Eddy Current

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    A method for detection and classification of defects originating from rivet holes in a riveted lap-joint using eddy current (EC) inspection is presented in this paper. The EC-signals were acquired from a number of lap-joints using a tailor-made deep penetrating probe, and a digital single frequency EC-instrument. A number of rivets in the lap-joints had defects located in the second layer of the lap-joint. The problem consisted in detecting and classifying defect signals in presence of strong interference due to rivet responses. The preprocessing before detection consisted of median filtering, rotation and de-biasing of the eddy current pattern. The rotation was performed so that the signal energy from the rivet responses was maximized along the quadrature direction, and the defect response energy was maximized in the in-phase direction of the EC-signal. Feature extraction was then performed using wavelets, PCA and block-mean values of the defect signal. The classification was performe..
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