Synthesis and C−C Coupling Reactivity of a Dinuclear Ni^I−Ni^I Complex Supported by a Terphenyl Diphosphine

Mono- and bimetallic complexes of nickel supported by a terphenyl diphosphine have been synthesized. The reported complexes show diverse metal−arene interactions in the solid state. Reactions of an o,o′-biphenyldiyl dinickel complex with CO and dichloroalkanes lead to fluorene derivatives, indicating the formation of carbon−carbon bonds at a bimetallic moiety

Existence of smooth stable manifolds for a class of parabolic SPDEs with fractional noise

Little seems to be known about the invariant manifolds for stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) driven by nonlinear multiplicative noise. Here we contribute to this aspect and analyze the Lu-Schmalfu{\ss} conjecture [Garrido-Atienza, et al., J. Differential Equations, 248(7):1637--1667, 2010] on the existence of stable manifolds for a class of parabolic SPDEs driven by nonlinear mutiplicative fractional noise. We emphasize that stable manifolds for SPDEs are infinite-dimensional objects, and the classical Lyapunov-Perron method cannot be applied, since the Lyapunov-Perron operator does not give any information about the backward orbit. However, by means of interpolation theory, we construct a suitable function space in which the discretized Lyapunov-Perron-type operator has a unique fixed point. Based on this we further prove the existence and smoothness of local stable manifolds for such SPDEs.Comment: To appear in Journal of Functional Analysi

The Clinical Utility of a Precision Medicine Blood Test Incorporating Age, Sex, and Gene Expression for Evaluating Women with Stable Symptoms Suggestive of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Analysis from the PRESET Registry.

Background: Evaluating women with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains challenging. A blood-based precision medicine test yielding an age/sex/gene expression score (ASGES) has shown clinical validity in the diagnosis of obstructive CAD. We assessed the effect of the ASGES on the management of women with suspected obstructive CAD in a community-based registry. Materials and Methods: The prospective PRESET (A Registry to Evaluate Patterns of Care Associated with the Use of Corus® CAD in Real World Clinical Care Settings) Registry (NCT01677156) enrolled 566 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of stable obstructive CAD from 21 United States primary care practices from 2012 to 2014. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and referrals to cardiology or further functional and/or anatomical cardiac studies after ASGES testing were collected for this subgroup analysis of women from the PRESET Registry. Patients were followed for 1-year post-ASGES testing. Results: This study cohort included 288 women with a median age 57 years. The median body mass index was 29.2, with hyperlipidemia and hypertension present in 48% and 43% of patients, respectively. Median ASGES was 8.5 (range 1-40), with 218 (76%) patients having low (≤15) ASGES. Clinicians referred 9% (20/218) low ASGES versus 44% (31/70) elevated ASGES women for further cardiac evaluation (odds ratio 0.14, p < 0.0001, adjusted for patient demographics and clinical covariates). Across the score range, higher ASGES were associated with a higher likelihood of posttest cardiac referral. At 1-year follow-up, low ASGES women experienced fewer major adverse cardiac events than elevated ASGES women (1.3% vs. 4.2% respectively, p = 0.16). Conclusions: Incorporation of ASGES into the diagnostic workup demonstrated clinical utility by helping clinicians identify women less likely to benefit from further cardiac evaluation

Quality Control in the Production Process of SMC Lightweight Material

The use of sheet molding compounds (SMC) in diverse applications requires different specific material properties for each type of finished parts. These material properties have to be assured by a reliable quality control, which does not only have to be performed for the prefabricated SMC itself but also during the production process of the semi-finished material. This is of high importance because quality fluctuations and defects can already occur during the production of the semi-finished SMC. This results in high scrap rates as well as machine failure and can additionally cause further problems in the following process steps. Hence, an inline quality control can help to establish objective quality criteria for semi-finished SMC and can enable controlled and stable production processes. Therefore, this paper deals with quality assurance in the production process of semi-finished sheet molding compounds. Air entrapping and fiber distribution are identified as two parameters that influence the quality of the semi-finished product significantly. In addition, the early detection of a pending carrier foil failure can help to establish a stable process. The focus of this paper lies on how various, individually adapted metrology systems can be used for the detection of the respective characteristics and integrated into the production process of the semi-finished SMC. In particular, optical systems, such as area scan cameras and laser stripe sensors as well as thermographic sensors are discussed and possibilities for application-related sensor data evaluation are shown. This helps to reduce the scrap rates of parts and to establish a further automated production process

Prevalence and characteristics of advocacy curricula in Australian public health degrees

Background: Public health advocacy is a fundamental part of health promotion practice. Advocacy efforts can lead to healthier public policies and positive impacts on society. Public health educators are responsible for equipping graduates with cross-cutting advocacy competencies to address current and future public health challenges. Problem: Knowledge of the extent to which students are taught public health advocacy is limited. To determine whether advocacy teaching within public health degrees matches industry needs, knowledge of pedagogical approaches to advocacy curricula is required. This study sought to understand the extent to which advocacy is taught and assessed within Australian public health degrees. Methodology: Australian public health Bachelor's and Master's degrees were identified using the CRICOS database. Open-source online unit guides were reviewed to determine where and how advocacy was included within core and elective units (in title, unit description or learning outcomes). Degree directors and convenors of identified units were surveyed to further garner information about advocacy in the curriculum. Results: Of 65 identified degrees, 17 of 26 (65%) undergraduate degrees and 24 of 39 (62%) postgraduate degrees included advocacy within the core curriculum, while 6 of 26 (23%) undergraduate and 8 of 39 (21%) postgraduate offered no advocacy curriculum. Implications: Australian and international public health competency frameworks indicate advocacy curriculum should be included in all degrees. This research suggests advocacy competencies are not ubiquitous within Australian public health curricula. The findings support the need to advance public health advocacy teaching efforts further

"One-size-fits-all"? Observations and Expectations of NLG Systems Across Identity-Related Language Features

Fairness-related assumptions about what constitutes appropriate NLG system behaviors range from invariance, where systems are expected to respond identically to social groups, to adaptation, where responses should instead vary across them. We design and conduct five case studies, in which we perturb different types of identity-related language features (names, roles, locations, dialect, and style) in NLG system inputs to illuminate tensions around invariance and adaptation. We outline people's expectations of system behaviors, and surface potential caveats of these two contrasting yet commonly-held assumptions. We find that motivations for adaptation include social norms, cultural differences, feature-specific information, and accommodation; motivations for invariance include perspectives that favor prescriptivism, view adaptation as unnecessary or too difficult for NLG systems to do appropriately, and are wary of false assumptions. Our findings highlight open challenges around defining what constitutes fair NLG system behavior.Comment: 36 pages, 24 figure

Varumärkesinkongruens i kommunikation: Hur konsumenter skapar mening kring reklambilder med varumärkesinkongruenta budskap

This paper aims to increase the knowledge of how consumers understand the relatively new phenomenon brand incongruency and how it affects them. Based on the result from a pre-study, four fictional advertisements using a logo from a well-established brand were constructed in order to correspond to three different levels of incongruency. These were used in semi-structured interviews in order to examine how consumers try to create meaning, according to Weick’s sensemaking theory. Additionally, we examined whether the incongruent advertisements were able to generate attention as well as if they affected the memory. The analysis indicates that previous experiences play a crucial part in the sensemaking process. Also, when consumers were struggling to understand the advertisements, they tended to act as cognitive misers, as well as tried to fill in the missing pieces. Furthermore, what caught the consumer’s attention was when the familiar brand communicated in an unfamiliar context, which also seemed to affect the consumer’s memory. To conclude, it seems as if the different levels of incongruency are useless since sensemaking is an individual process, mainly dependent on the sensemaker’s previous experiences. Another conclusion that was reached was that besides the combination of a new context and a familiar brand, sticking to one brand association is fundamental in order for a brand incongruent advertisement to be remembered by the consumer, possibly leading to extend the consumer’s memory of an advertisement or a brand.Den här studien syftar till att öka kunskapen kring hur konsumenter förstår och påverkas av det relativt nya fenomenet varumärkesinkongruent marknadskommunikation. Utifrån resultaten från en förstudie utformades fyra fiktiva reklambilder med en varumärkeslogga från ett väletablerat varumärke. Dessa reklambilder utformades i enlighet med tre olika grader av inkongruens. De användes sedan i semi-strukturerade intervjuer för att, utifrån Weicks teori om meningsskapande, undersöka hur konsumenter försöker skapa mening i dem. Vi undersökte även om de fiktivt inkongruenta reklambilderna kunde få konsumenternas uppmärksamhet och vidare läggas på minnet. Analysen pekar på att tidigare erfarenheter spelar en avgörande roll i den meningsskapande processen. Den visar också att när konsumenter hade svårigheter i att förstå reklambilden tenderade de att agera som kognitiva snåljåpar, liksom att försöka fylla i de luckor som saknades. Vidare visade analysen att det som fångade konsumenters uppmärksamhet var när bekanta varumärken kommunicerade i en oförväntad kontext. Detta verkade även påverka konsumenters minne. Vår slutsats blev att olika grader av inkongruens är intetsägande då den meningsskapande processen är individuell, främst beroende av konsumenters tidigare erfarenheter. Vi kom även fram till att utöver kombinationen nytt sammanhang och ett bekant varumärke, måste en kärnassociation hållas fast vid för att en varumärkesinkongruent reklambild ska läggas på minnet. Därmed skulle konsumenternas minne av reklambilden eller varumärket kunna utvidgas

Evaluating Collective Action for Effective Land Policy Reform in Developing Country Contexts: The Construction and Validation of Dimensions and Indicators

Although land reform can be motivated by different policy objectives, it always involves the participation of many actors. Insights from New Institutional Economics suggest that individual interests that are not aligned with collective interests tend to undermine the goals of reform. This study provides a viable framework and measures for social capital, trust, and cooperation performance and their interrelationships to compensate for the existing separate analysis of these three factors and their rare application in achieving goals of collective action. We also build a strong and deepening theoretical foundation for the indicator design, providing a rich representation of social capital, trust, and cooperation performance. After being presented with variables, indicators are used to further elaborate on the variables to enhance the richness and science of the indicator design. The validation results of indicators from 12 experts and 223 respondents are to yield an average reliable coefficient as a positive sign of reliability and validity of the evaluation process with Kendall’s Co-efficient of Concordance (W) through R programming. This study emphasizes the importance of collective action for sustainable land use and effective land policy reform, a topic that remains underrepresented in most land reform analyses

The microbially driven formation of siderite in salt marsh sediments

We employ complementary field and laboratory‐based incubation techniques to explore the geochemical environment where siderite concretions are actively forming and growing, including solid‐phase analysis of the sediment, concretion, and associated pore fluid chemistry. These recently formed siderite concretions allow us to explore the geochemical processes that lead to the formation of this less common carbonate mineral. We conclude that there are two phases of siderite concretion growth within the sediment, as there are distinct changes in the carbon isotopic composition and mineralogy across the concretions. Incubated sediment samples allow us to explore the stability of siderite over a range of geochemical conditions. Our incubation results suggest that the formation of siderite can be very rapid (about two weeks or within 400 hr) when there is a substantial source of iron, either from microbial iron reduction or from steel material; however, a source of dissolved iron is not enough to induce siderite precipitation. We suggest that sufficient alkalinity is the limiting factor for siderite precipitation during microbial iron reduction while the lack of dissolved iron is the limiting factor for siderite formation if microbial sulfate reduction is the dominant microbial metabolism. We show that siderite can form via heated transformation (at temperature 100°C for 48 hr) of calcite and monohydrocalcite seeds in the presence of dissolved iron. Our transformation experiments suggest that the formation of siderite is promoted when carbonate seeds are present