PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN BIBIT TERHADAP TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP TANAMAN TEMBAKAU DI DESA TAMPOJUNG TENGAH KECAMATAN WARU KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

Tembakau merupakan tanaman yang di budidayakan oleh para petani, hampir diseluruh masyarakat yang adadi Indonesia terutama di Desa Tampojung Tengah, di Desa Tampojung Tengah terdapat empat dusun yaitu,Rampak laok, Rakpak Dejeh, Dusun Tengah dan Dusun Gulu,an. Dari empat dusun tersebut terdapat 2.251 jiwaatau sebanyak 759 kepala keluarga. masalah yang terjadi di Desa ini dalah tingginya tingkat kematian tanamantembakau dalam satu bulan pertama dan pengaruh pengelolaan bibit terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hiduptemabakau. Tanaman tembakau dapat tumbuh di daerah yang mempunyai ketinggian 0-900 mdpl. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui penyebab tingginya kematian bibit pada satu bulan pertama di DesaTampojung Tengah (2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan bibit terhadap kelangsungan hidup tanamantembakau pada satu bulan pertama di Desa Tampojung Tengah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian survei dengan lokasi penelitian yaitu di Desa Tampojung TengahKecamatan Waru Kabupaten Pamekasan yang rata-rata masyarakatnya sebagai petani tembakau, jumlahsampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 255 responden. Cara pengambilan data dengan melakukan wawancaradan dokumentasi pada sampel yang diambil sebagai responden penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakananalisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan Chisquer.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yangsignifikan antara penanaman terhadap kelangsungan hidup tanaman tembakau dengan nilai (p=0,784). adapengaruh yang signifikan antara perawatan terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup tanaman dengan nilai(p=0,032).). Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemupukan terhadap kelangsungan hidup tanamandengan nilai (p=0,471). tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara banyaknya tingkat kematian terhadap hidupkelangsungan hidup tanaman tembakau di Desa Tampojung Tengah Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten PamekasanKata kunci : pengeloaan bibit, tingkat kelangsungan hidupAbstractTobacco is a plant that is grown up by farmer, most of Indonesian farmer especially in Tampujong Tengahvillage. In Tampujong Tengah village there are 4 orchards, those are Rampak laok, Rakpak dejeh, Dusun tengahand Dusun gulu,an. From those four orchards, there are 2.251 people or 759 families. Tobacco can be grown upwell in the area which has 0-900mdpl depth. The purposes of this study are (1) to know the effect of seedorganizing in Tampujong Tengah village (2) to know the its effect to the viability of the tobacco plant in a firstfull moon in Tampujong Tenah village. The research design is surveyed research in Tampujong Tengah village,Waru sub-district, Pamekasan regency which is most of the people are tobacco farmer. The samples of this studyare 255 respondents. The data collection technique is by doing interview and documentation to the samples thatis taken as research respondents. The data analysis technique of this study is descriptive quantitative and Chisquer.The result shows that there is no significant effect between viability of the tobacco plant with the score(p=0,784). There is a significant effect between the treatment and the viability of the tobacco plant (p=0,032).There is no significant effect between fertilizing to the viability of the tobacco plant (p=0,471). There is nosignificant effect between the death rate and the viability of the tobacco plant in Tampujong Tengah village, Waru sub-district, Pamekasan regency (p=0,45).Keywords : seed organizing, the viability of the tobacco plan

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Gaplek dengan Tingkat Berbeda terhadap Kandungan Nutrisi Silase Limbah Sayuran

The purpose of this research was determined to: 1) the effect of additioning cassava flour with different level against to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage; 2) the best additioning of cassava flour against to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments by adding cassava flour as accelerator (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and with three repetition. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Varians and continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) 0,05. The result of this research showed that waste vegetable silage with different level adding of cassava flour was significant (P<0,05) to the nutrition qualities (fat, fiber, protein, and NFE) of vegetable waste silage. The best treatment for protein contents of vegetable waste silage was addition by 0% cassava flour, 20% for fat and NEF, and 15% for fiber

Estimasi Kapasitas Tampung dan Potensi Nilai Nutrisi Daun Nenas di PT. Great Giant Pineapple Terbanggi Besar sebagai Pakan Ruminansia

The aim of this research is to know the potential and the capasities of pineapple's leaves in PT. Great Giant Pineapple Terbanggi as the ruminant's feed. This research was held in June 2013 until August 2013 in PT. Great Giant Pineapple Terbanggi Besar, Central Lampung. This research uses the ‘purposive sampling' survey method. The data that would be used in this research consists of the primary data and secondary data. The Primary data encompasses all information about the plantations that become the object of the research, for example, the planting area, the harvested area, the production wastes that will be produced and the wastes management. The secondary data is a data that can be obtainable from the existing literature, including the information about the existing potential estates in Terbanggi Besar, Central Lampung. The results of this research shows that the total wastes of the pineapple's leaves in PT. Great Giant Pinneapple is ± 9.000 kg/ha. Carrying capacity for ruminant is 53.152 UT per year (40% assuming feed) and with 42.553 UT per year (50% assuming feed) can fulfill the necessity as alternative of ruminant's feed.

On evolution dynamics and strategies in some host-parasite models

In this thesis, we use mathematical models to study the problems about the evolution of hosts and parasites. Firstly, we study a within-host age-structured model with mutation and back mutation which is in the form of partial differential equations with double-infections by two strains of viruses. For the case when the production rates of viruses are gamma distributions, the PDE model can be transferred into an ODE one. Then, we analyze our model in two cases: one is without mutation, and the other is with mutation. In the first case, we prove that the two strains of viruses without mutation would die out if both of the individual reproductive numbers are less than one; otherwise, their evolution will comply with competitive exclusion principle meaning that the stronger one will survive finally. In the second case, we verify that they can coexist under some specific conditions in the sense that there exists a coexistence equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. Secondly, we explore the viral evolutionary strategies by using a within-host model under body immune response. We consider two types of trade-offs involving the viral production rate, the host death rate caused by infection (i.e., virulence), and the transmission rate. By choosing appropriate fitness, we show that the evolutionary and convergent stability of an evolutionary singular strategy can ne affected by the shapes of the trade-off functions. We also find that the evolutionary branching may occur at the singular strategy for some special trade-off functions. The results imply that the immune response has an important effect on viral evolution. Finally, two classes of trade-off functions are specified which yield some more detailed information on the virus evolutionary strategies. Thirdly, we investigate the cost of immunological up-regulation caused by infection in a between-host transmission dynamical model with superinfection, which describes disease transmission between a single host and two parasites. After introducing mutant hosts to original model, we explore this problem in two cases: (A) monomorphic case; (B) dimorphic case. For (A), mutant hosts have two possible infections: one is by parasite $1$; the other is by parasite $2$. In each of these two cases, we identify an appropriate fitness for the invasion of the mutant hosts by analyzing the local stability of the mutant free equilibrium. Then, We consider the trade-off between the production rate of infected hosts and their recovery rate. By employing the adaptive dynamical approach, we analyze the evolutionary stability and convergence stability of this singular point, leading to some the conditions for continuously stable strategy, evolutionary branching point and repeller. For (B), we define a new fitness to measure the invasion of mutant hosts with parasite $1$ and $2$ by the same method. When the trade-off function is chosen to be linear, we are able to obtain conditions for isoclinic stability and absolute convergence stability through simulations. We find that although immune response is benign to hosts, the host evolution would not favor high degree of immunological up-regulation, implying that an intermediate degree of immunological response will be helpful to the host evolution. Moreover, superinfection would help weaker virulent parasite exist in hosts

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Onggok Melalui Pengolahan Biologis Terhadap Parameter Rumen Dan Kecernaan Zat-Zat Makanan Sapi

The aims of the research were to study utilization of cassava waste through biological processing on rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility. The treatments was based on first years research. The treatment was used latin squere design 4x4.. Young cattle was used as material of this research. The treatments were arranged: R0: basal rations + 30% cassava waste (no treatment); R1 basal rations + 30% fermented cassava waste ( fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and prekursor urea 3 %); R2 : basal rations +30% fermented cassava waste ( fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and prekursor ammonium sulfat 1 %); R3 : basal rations + 15% fermented cassava waste ( fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and prekursor urea 3 %) + 15% fermented cassava waste ( fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and prekursor ammonium sulfat 1 %). The result showed that the treatments had no effect on rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility (dry matters and organic matters