Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes

Acknowledgements The work described in this review was supported by a grant from the MRC. K.R.M. is supported by a fellowship from the Scottish Translational Medicines and Therapeutics Initiative through the Wellcome Trust.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Complete factorization of equations of motion for generalized scalar field theories

We demonstrate that the complete factorization of equations of motion into first-order differential equations can be obtained for real and complex scalar field theories with non-canonical dynamics.Comment: 5 pages; version published in EP

Gauge Invariance and Fractional Statistics

We present a new $(2+1)$-dimensional field theory showing exotic statistics and fractional spin. This theory is achieved through a redefinition of the gauge field $A_{\mu}$. New properties are found. Another way to implement the field redefinition is used with the same results obtained.Comment: 5 page

Tailoring Phase Space : A Way to Control Hamiltonian Transport

We present a method to control transport in Hamiltonian systems. We provide an algorithm - based on a perturbation of the original Hamiltonian localized in phase space - to design small control terms that are able to create isolated barriers of transport without modifying other parts of phase space. We apply this method of localized control to a forced pendulum model and to a system describing the motion of charged particles in a model of turbulent electric field

Energy conditions bounds and their confrontation with supernovae data

The energy conditions play an important role in the understanding of several properties of the Universe, including the current accelerating expansion phase and the possible existence of the so-called phantom fields. We show that the integrated bounds provided by the energy conditions on cosmological observables such as the distance modulus $\mu(z)$ and the lookback time $t_L(z)$ are not sufficient (nor necessary) to ensure the local fulfillment of the energy conditions, making explicit the limitation of these bounds in the confrontation with observational data. We recast the energy conditions as bounds on the deceleration and normalized Hubble parameters, obtaining new bounds which are necessary and sufficient for the local fulfillment of the energy conditions. A statistical confrontation, with $1\sigma-3\sigma$ confidence levels, between our bounds and supernovae data from the gold and combined samples is made for the recent past. Our analyses indicate, with $3\sigma$ confidence levels, the fulfillment of both the weak energy condition (WEC) and dominant energy condition (DEC) for $z \leq 1$ and $z \lesssim 0.8$, respectively. In addition, they suggest a possible recent violation of the null energy condition (NEC) with $3\sigma$, i.e. a very recent phase of super-acceleration. Our analyses also show the possibility of violation of the strong energy condition (\textbf{SEC}) with $3\sigma$ in the recent past ($z \leq 1$), but interestingly the $q(z)$-best-fit curve crosses the SEC-fulfillment divider at $z \simeq 0.67$, which is a value very close to the beginning of the epoch of cosmic acceleration predicted by the standard concordance flat $\Lambda$CDM scenario.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. V2: Version to appear in Phys.Rev.D, analyses extended to 1sigma, 2sigma and 3sigma confidence levels, references added, minors change

Inertial-Hall effect: the influence of rotation on the Hall conductivity

Inertial effects play an important role in classical mechanics but have been largely overlooked in quantum mechanics. Nevertheless, the analogy between inertial forces on mass particles and electromagnetic forces on charged particles is not new. In this paper, we consider a rotating non-interacting planar two-dimensional electron gas with a perpendicular uniform magnetic field and investigate the effects of the rotation in the Hall conductiv

An effective thermal technology for the detoxification of the MSW fly ash

The increasing public concern of potential health problems, due to improper waste disposal practices as well as the introduction of landfill taxes, have induced the practice of incineration. Presently, all UK incinerators have to meet very strict emission levels. In this way, the generated fly ash residues have to be managed very carefully as they are enriched with toxic organic micropollutants and heavy metals. The aim of the present work is to describe a novel thermal technology, known as the ash detoxification process, that has shown success not only in the destruction of its toxic organic components, but also in the fixation of its heavy metal content to form an unleachable material

Asteroseismology and Magnetic Cycles

Small cyclic variations in the frequencies of acoustic modes are expected to be a common phenomenon in solar-like pulsators, as a result of stellar magnetic activity cycles. The frequency variations observed throughout the solar and stellar cycles contain information about structural changes that take place inside the stars as well as about variations in magnetic field structure and intensity. The task of inferring and disentangling that information is, however, not a trivial one. In the sun and solar-like pulsators, the direct effect of the magnetic field on the oscillations might be significantly important in regions of strong magnetic field (such as solar- / stellar-spots), where the Lorentz force can be comparable to the gas-pressure gradient. Our aim is to determine the sun- / stellar-spots effect on the oscillation frequencies and attempt to understand if this effect contributes strongly to the frequency changes observed along the magnetic cycle. The total contribution of the spots to the frequency shifts results from a combination of direct and indirect effects of the magnetic field on the oscillations. In this first work we considered only the indirect effect associated with changes in the stratification within the starspot. Based on the solution of the wave equation and the variational principle we estimated the impact of these stratification changes on the oscillation frequencies of global modes in the sun and found that the induced frequency shifts are about two orders of magnitude smaller than the frequency shifts observed over the solar cycle.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, ESF Conference: The Modern Era of Helio- and Asteroseismology, to be published on 3 December 2012 at Astronomische Nachrichten 333, No. 10, 1032-103