Individual Myanmar Children's Experiences in Head Start Classrooms

BACKGROUND: Early childhood is a crucial period for children who are dual language learners (DLLs), struggling to learn the new language as well as other skills for school readiness. In contrast to comprehensive research in ECE, there are relatively few studies conducted with DLLs, and mainly for the Latino DLLs, no other language groups. Recently, Myanmar migrants are growing rapidly and make up 25% of the total migrant population in Tulsa (NBC news, 2017). Previous studies have shown that DLL children differ in various developmental outcomes because of a myriad of factors including poverty, systemic racism, and oppression. The researchers examined the classroom experiences of Myanmar children in a Head Start program by measuring their individual language use and level of engagement then, comparing them to other racial groups. METHODS: The participants included 3- and 4-year-old children (n=1,101) in a Head Start program in Northeast OK. The measure used the Child Observational Protocol, which involved 3-second sweeps which snapshots of individual children’s behavior across a period of time in the classroom. Observers spent approximately 4 hours in the classroom on a typical morning. All children in the classroom were observed and had an average of 9 sweeps per child. The current study specifically focused on the proportion of sweeps in which a child was listening to or talking to someone else in the classroom (in any language) and the proportion of sweeps a child was observed speaking in English. Descriptive analyses were conducted using ANOVA in SPSS. RESULTS: Results indicated that children who speak Myanmar at home had fewer times observational sweeps in which they were speaking in English (15%) compared to their African American and White peers (19-20%). However, whereas Latino children were observed more frequently to be neither speaking nor listening (45% of sweeps), Myanmar children were not significantly different than their Latino peers. Instead, Myanmar children were more likely to engage in passive instruction (15%) than their African American (10%) and White (12%) peers. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Myanmar children who were enrolled in a Head Start program had bit fewer opportunities to practice their language skills and are less likely to be engaged in their classroom activities. Further research is needed to see whether these outcomes are due to language proficiency, cultural aspects, or influenced by others. This information also leads to the need for further study of how teachers interact in the classroom based on the racial groups.N

Engineering new bone tissue in vitro on highly porous poly(Α-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds

Engineering new bone tissue with cells and a synthetic extracellular matrix (scaffolding) represents a new approach for the regeneration of mineralized tissues compared with the transplantation of bone (autografts or allografts). In the present work, highly porous poly( L -lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds were prepared with a thermally induced phase separation technique. The scaffolds were seeded with osteoblastic cells and cultured in vitro . In the pure PLLA scaffolds, the osteoblasts attached primarily on the outer surface of the polymer. In contrast, the osteoblasts penetrated deep into the PLLA/HAP scaffolds and were uniformly distributed. The osteoblast survival percentage in the PLLA/HAP scaffolds was superior to that in the PLLA scaffolds. The osteoblasts proliferated in both types of the scaffolds, but the cell number was always higher in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds during 6 weeks of in vitro cultivation. Bone-specific markers (mRNAs encoding bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) were expressed more abundantly in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds than in the PLLA scaffolds. The new tissue increased continuously in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds, whereas new tissue formed only near the surface of pure PLLA scaffolds. These results demonstrate that HAP imparts osteoconductivity and the highly porous PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds are superior to pure PLLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 54: 284–293, 2001Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34419/1/16_ftp.pd

What is the level of evidence for the use of currently available technologies in facilitating the self-management of difficulties associated with ADHD in children and young people? A systematic review

A number of technologies to help self-manage Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and young people (YP) have been developed. This review will assess the level of evidence for the use of such technologies. The review was undertaken in accordance with the general principles recommended in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. 7545 studies were screened. Fourteen studies of technology that aim to manage difficulties associated with ADHD in children and YP were included. Primary outcome measures were measures that assessed difficulties related to ADHD. Databases searched were MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core collection), CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. This review highlights the potential for the use of technology in paediatric ADHD self-management. However, it also demonstrates that current research lacks robustness; using small sample sizes, non-validated outcome measures and little psychoeducation component. Future research is required to investigate the value of technology in supporting children and YP with ADHD and a focus psychoeducation is needed

In vivo assessment of Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-Fibronectin fusion protein coating on titanium;Histomorphometric analysis in rabbit tibia

파이브로넥틴은 세포외기질에 존재하는 당단백질로 세포의 부착, 이동, 성장 및 분화에 관여하며, 섬유아세포 성장인자는 세포의 증식 이동 및 분화에 영향을 주는 중요한 성장인자로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면, 파이브로넥틴은 조골세포의 타이태늄 임플란트 표면으로 이주와 증식 및 골생성을 촉진하며, 섬유아세포 성장 인자는 파이브로넥틴에 상승작용을 한다고 보고된 바 있다. 이 실험의 목적은 파이브로넥틴 및 섬유아세포 성장인자의 복합 단백질을 이용하여 타이태늄 임플란트의 골 반응을 알아보는 것이다. 체중 2.5 kg 내외의 건강한 18 마리의 웅성가토를 준비하여 무균 사육하였고, 순수 타이태늄을 절삭가공하여 직경 3.5mm, 길이 6mm 의 machined surface를 지니는 screw type 의 임플란트를 준비하였다. 사람의 유전자를 기초로, 유전자 재조합법을 통해, 적절한 primer를 이용하여 얻은 섬유아세포 성장인자를 파이브로넥틴 III 형 분절의 9-10 번 도메인에 결합시켜 얻은 복합 단백질을 준비된 임플란트에 표면처리하여 실험군으로 하였고, 표면처리하지 않은 임플란트를 대조군으로 하여, 가토의 좌우 경골에 각각 2 개씩의 임플란트를 식립하였다. 4주 후, 가토를 희생시켜 각 경골 당 한 개의 임플란트에서 뒤틀림 제거력을 측정하였고 나머지 임플란트 식립 부위 에서는 경골을 포함하는 조직표본을 제작하였다. 조직표본상에서 골접촉이 가장 좋은 3 개의 나사산의 길이를 측정하고, 나사와 접촉하는 골의 길이를 측정하여 골-임플란트 접촉도를 구하고, 같은 부위에서 나사산 사이의 면적과 골이 차지하는 면적을 비교하여 골생성률을 얻었다. 실험군과 대조군의 결과는 Student t-test 를 이용하여 신뢰도 95% 수준에서 통계학적 유의성을 검정하였다. 파이브로넥틴과 섬유아세포 성장인자의 복합 단백질로 표면처리된 임플란트와 표면처리를 하지 않은 임플란트는 뒤틀림 제거력에서는 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았으나, 골-임플란트 접촉도와 골생성률에서 복합 단백질로 처리된 임플란트가 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결과를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과로, 섬유아세포 성장인자와 파이브로넥틴 복합 단백질로 처리한 타이태늄 임플란트가 주변 골 형성을 촉진시켜, 골유합을 증진시킴을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 복합 단백질이 타이태늄 임플란트의 성공률을 높이기 위한 표면개질 물질로 이용될 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.This study was supported by the grant from Korea Science and Technology Foundation (KOSEF) through Intellrctual Biointerface Engineering Center(IBEC) of Seoul National Universit

섬유아세포 성장인자와 파이브로넥틴 복합 단백질로 처리한 타이태늄의 생물학적 효과: 가토의 경골을 이용한 조직계측학적 분석

파이브로넥틴은 세포외기질에 존재하는 당단백질로 세포의 부착, 이동, 성장 및 분화에 관여하며, 섬유아세포 성장인자는 세포의 증식, 이동 및 분화에 영향을 주는 중요한 성장인자로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면 파이브로넥틴은 조골세포의 타이태늄 임플란트 표면으로 이주와 증식 및 골생성을 촉진하며, 섬유아세포 성장인자는 파이브로넥틴에 상승작용을 한다고 보고된 바 있다. 이 실험의 목적은 파이브로넥틴 및 섬유아세포 성장인자의 복합 단백질을 이용하여 타이태늄 임플란트의 골 반응을 알아보는 것이다. 체중 2.5kg 내외의 건강한 18마리의 웅성가토를 준비하여 무균 사육하였고, 순수 타이태늄을 절삭가공하여 직경 3.5mm, 길이 6mm의 machined surface를 지니는 screw type의 임플란트를 준비하였다. 사람의 유전자를 기초로, 유전자 재조합법을 통해, 적절한 primer를 이용하여 얻은 섬유아세포 성장인자를 파이브로넥틴 Ⅲ형 분절의 9-10번 도메인에 결합시켜 얻은 복합 단백질을 준비된 임플란트에 표면처리하여 실험군으로 하였고, 표면처리하지 않은 임플란트를 대조군으로 하여, 가토의 좌우 경골에 각각 2개씩의 임플란트를 식립하였다.This study was supported by the grant from Korea Science and Technology Foundation(KOSEF) through Intellctual Biointerface Engineering Center(IBEC) of Seoul National University

<i>Sargassum</i> Detection Using Machine Learning Models: A Case Study with the First 6 Months of GOCI-II Imagery

A record-breaking agglomeration of Sargassum was packed along the northern Jeju coast in Korea in 2021, and laborers suffered from removing them from the beach. If remote sensing can be used to detect the locations at which Sargassum accumulated in a timely and accurate manner, we could remove them before their arrival and reduce the damage caused by Sargassum. This study aims to detect Sargassum distribution on the coast of Jeju Island using the Geostationary KOMPSAT 2B (GK2B) Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II) imagery that was launched in February 2020, with measurements available since October 2020. For this, we used GOCI-II imagery during the first 6 months and machine learning models including Fine Tree, a Fine Gaussian support vector machine (SVM), and Gentle adaptive boosting (GentleBoost). We trained the models with the GOCI-II Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (RhoC) image and a ground truth map extracted from high-resolution images as input and output, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were carried out using the three machine learning models and traditional methods such as Sargassum indexes. We found that GentleBoost showed a lower false positive (6.2%) and a high F-measure level (0.82), and a more appropriate Sargassum distribution compared to other methods. The application of the machine learning model to GOCI-II images in various atmospheric conditions is therefore considered successful for mapping Sargassum extent quickly, enabling reduction of laborers’ efforts to remove them

Climate Sensitivity and Feedback of a New Coupled Model (K-ACE) to Idealized CO2 Forcing

Climate sensitivity and feedback processes are important for understanding Earth&rsquo;s system response to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Many modelling groups that contribute to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) have reported a larger equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) with their models compared to CMIP5 models. This consistent result is also found in the Korea Meteorological Administration Advanced Community Earth System model (K-ACE). Idealized climate simulation is conducted as an entry card for CMIP6 to understand Earth&rsquo;s system response in new coupled models and compared to CMIP5 models. The ECS in the K-ACE is 4.83 K, which is higher than the range (2.1&ndash;4.7 K) of CMIP5 models in sensitivity to CO2 change and higher bound (1.8&ndash;5.6 K) of CMIP6 models. The radiative feedback consists of clear-sky and cloud radiative feedback. Clear-sky feedback of K-ACE is similar to CMIP5 models whereas cloud feedback of K-ACE is more positive. The result is attributable for strong positive shortwave cloud radiative effect (CRE) feedback associated with reduced low-level cloud cover at mid latitude in both hemispheres. Despite the cancellations in strong negative long wave CRE feedback with the changes in high-level clouds in the tropics, shortwave CRE has a dominant effect in net CRE. Detailed understanding of cloud feedback and cloud properties needs further study

Striatal formation of 6-hydroxydopamine in mice treated with pargyline, pyrogallol and methamphetamine

[[abstract]]Formation of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been posited in the striatum following methamphetamine treatment and plays a critical role in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity. We used high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to determine the formation of 6-OHDA by the treatments of methamphetamine combined with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and pyrogallol, a catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibitor, in female C57BL/6J mouse striatum. A substantial amount of 6-OHDA (9.9 +/- 0.7pg/mg wet tissue) was detected in mice treated with pargyline (100 mg/kg) and pyrogallol (25 mg/kg) in combination. Greater striatal 6-OHDA levels were observed in mice treated with combined pargyline, pyrogallol and methamphetamine (50 mg/kg) as compared to mice treated with combined pargyline and pyrogallol. However, mice treated with pargyline and pyragollol in combination followed by one and two doses of methamphetamine exhibited comparable striatal 6-OHDA levels (23.2 +/- 4.3, 27.3 +/- 1.3 pg/mg wet tissue) in our protocol. We conclude that blockade of the primary metabolic pathways of dopamine by inhibiting both monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl-transferase activities is sufficient to induce 6-OHDA formation in the striatum. Acute 6-OHDA accumulation in the striatum can be potentiated by methamphetamine, a potent dopamine releaser, administration following such metabolic inhibitions