8 research outputs found
Response of Bractocera cucurbitae females (Diptera, Tephritidae) to cucurbit host fruit odors.
International audienceBactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae) is one of the major pest for cucurbits (cucumber, zucchini, melon, etc.) and can cause nearly 90% production losses on Cucurbitaceae crops in La RĂ©union.The objective of the present study was to improve our knowledge of olfactory stimuli used by females of B. cucurbitae to locate cucurbit host plants. We firstly compared different laboratory devices (a wind tunnel, olfactometers with one or four arms and small test cages) for assessing fly responses to different host plants. In the wind tunnel, females showed no orientated response in the presence of host odours. By contrast, positive response in small test cages and olfactometers was recorded. This allowed us to measure the relative attractiveness of the odours of different wild and cultivated cucurbitaceae for B. cucurbitae females. In parallel, the volatile composition of the odours of fruit and flowers of these different cucurbits was characterised using headspace-solid phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). This study should allow us to assess the host preferences of the Melon fly and eventually identify some powerful kairomonal attractants for this pest
Production durable dâextraits naturels biocides de deux PipĂ©racĂ©es Ă La RĂ©union
International audienceThe BIOPIPER project is a French Innovation and Partnership project that took place in Reunion Islandfrom 2015 to 2018 with different partners of Research & Development. Its purpose was to producenatural extracts of two Piperaceae (Peperomia borbonensis and Piper borbonense) in a sustainableapproach, for a use in the context of agroecological crop protection. There were 3 general objectives:(1) Synergize the skills of partners with complementary mandates on the use of endemic plants; (2)Design and implement sustainable production of both plant extracts and evaluate their efficacy asbioprotection agents; (3) Disseminate and enhance the obtained results and products. The project wasstructured around four actions. Action 1 made it possible to design, develop and optimize the productionof the two Piperaceae to ensure optimal production of foliar biomass. Action 2 made it possible toproduce and characterize phytochemical extracts of different ecotypes of wild and cultivated plants.Action 3 measured the biocidal efficacy of extracts on various crop pests (bacteria, arthropods) of ageneric nature and of economic importance in Reunion Island and at the French national level. On fruitflies, which are fearsome pests worldwide, LD 50 and LD 95 (lethal doses of 50% and 95% of thepopulation) were measured on five species (Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Bactrocera zonata, Bactroceradorsalis, Ceratitis quilicii and Neoceratitis cyanescens), with essential oil-based extracts. Analysis of theLD 50 results showed differences between plants, ecotypes and types of extracts. LD 50 tests withessential oils were carried out on other economically important pests (Bemisia tabaci, Frankliniellaoccidentalis), a non-pest fly (Drosophila melanogaster). The essential oil of P. borbonensis has alsobeen tested on various temperate pests (Delia radicum, Meligethes aeneus, Psylliodes chrysocephala).A biocidal effect was found on all insects tested with significant variations in sensitivity. Olfactometrictests were also carried out and revealed that the essential oil of P. borbonensis is not repellent. Thisresult is encouraging and makes it possible to consider a targeted application of essential oil via bait inan "attract & kill" approach. Action 4 initiated the process of developing a regulatory folder for thecommercial use of plant or extract production. Finally, the BIOPIPER project has made it possible tocreate an operational and original consortium in partnership in order to screen, for research or servicepurposes, the biocidal activity of extracts from different plants.Le projet BIOPIPER est un projet Casdar (Innovation et partenariat) qui sâest dĂ©roulĂ© Ă La RĂ©union de2015 Ă 2018 avec diffĂ©rents partenaires de la Recherche et du DĂ©veloppement. Sa finalitĂ© est deproduire durablement des extraits naturels de deux PipĂ©racĂ©es (Peperomia borbonensis et Piperborbonense), en vue de leur utilisation dans le cadre de la Protection agroĂ©cologique des cultures. Ondistingue 3 objectifs gĂ©nĂ©raux : (1) Mettre en synergie les compĂ©tences de partenaires aux mandatscomplĂ©mentaires sur l'utilisation de plantes endĂ©miques comme outils de biocontrĂŽle ; (2) Concevoir etmettre au point la production durable des deux plantes en vue de leur utilisation comme outils debiocontrĂŽle ; (3) Diffuser et valoriser les rĂ©sultats et produits obtenus. Le projet sâest articulĂ© autour de 4actions. Lâaction 1 a permis de concevoir, de mettre au point et dâoptimiser la production des deuxPipĂ©racĂ©es permettant dâassurer une production optimale de biomasse foliaire. Lâaction 2 a permis deproduire et de caractĂ©riser sur le plan phytochimique les extraits de diffĂ©rents Ă©cotypes des plantessauvages et cultivĂ©es. Lâaction 3 a mesurĂ© lâefficacitĂ© biocide des extraits sur divers bioagresseurs(bactĂ©ries, arthropodes) de caractĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rique et dâimportance Ă©conomique Ă La RĂ©union et Ă lâĂ©chelle nationale. Sur les Mouches des fruits, ravageurs redoutables Ă lâĂ©chelle mondiale, les DL 50 etDL 95 (doses lĂ©tales de 50 % et 95 % de la population) ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©es sur 5 espĂšces (Zeugodacuscucurbitae, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis quilicii et Neoceratitis cyanescens), avecdes extraits Ă base dâhuile essentielle. Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats des DL 50 montre des diffĂ©rences entreles plantes, les Ă©cotypes et les types dâextraits. Les tests de DL 50 avec les huiles essentielles ont Ă©tĂ©conduits sur dâautres ravageurs dâimportance Ă©conomique (Bemisia tabaci, individus issus dâĂ©levage ;Frankliniella occidentalis, individus prĂ©levĂ©s en culture de poivron sous serre), une drosophile(Drosophila melanogaster, individus issus dâĂ©levage). Lâhuile essentielle de P. borbonense a Ă©galementĂ©tĂ© testĂ©e sur diffĂ©rents ravageurs des lĂ©gumes mĂ©tropolitains (la Mouche du chou, Delia radicum, lemĂ©ligĂšthe Meligethes aeneus et lâaltise dâhiver, Psylliodes chrysocephala). Un effet biocide a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©sur tous les insectes testĂ©s avec des variations importantes de sensibilitĂ©. Des tests olfactomĂ©triquesont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s et ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que lâhuile essentielle de P. borbonense nâest pas rĂ©pulsive. CerĂ©sultat est encourageant et permet dâenvisager une application ciblĂ©e du produit toxique via lanourriture ou les sites de nutrition du ravageur (approche « attract & kill »). Lâaction 4 a initiĂ© leprocessus visant Ă constituer un dossier rĂ©glementaire en vue de lâutilisation commerciale de laproduction des plantes ou des extraits. Le projet BIOPIPER a permis la crĂ©ation dâun dispositif enpartenariat opĂ©rationnel et original, permettant de screener, Ă des fins de recherches ou de prestationsde service, lâactivitĂ© biocide dâextraits de diffĂ©rentes plantes
Sustainable production of natural biocidal extracts from two Piperaceae in Reunion Island
The Biopiper project is a French Innovation and Partnership project that took place in Reunion Island from 2015 to 2018. Its purpose was to produce natural extracts of two Piperaceae (Peperomia borbonensisand Piper borbonense) in a sustainable approach, for a use in the context of agroecological crop protection. There were 3 general objectives: (1) Synergize the skills of partners withcomplementary mandates on the use of endemic plants; (2) Design and implement sustainable production of both plant extracts and evaluate their efficacy as biocontrol agents; (3) Disseminate and enhance theobtained results and products. The project partners were: Association Réunionnaise pour la Modernisation de l'Economie FruitiÚre, LégumiÚre et Horticole (ARMEFLHOR); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique(ITAB); Plant Advanced Technologies (PAT); Société Horticole de Bassin Plat (SHBP); Université de Rennes 1; Université de La Réunion. The project was structured around fouractions. Action 1 made it possible to design, develop and optimise the productionof the two Piperaceae to ensure optimal production of foliar biomass. Action 2 made it possible to produce and characterize phytochemical extracts of different ecotypes of wild and cultivated plants. Action 3 measured the biocidal efficacy of extracts on various crop pests (bacteria, arthropods) of a generic nature and of economic importance in Reunion Island and at the French national level. On fruit flies, which are formidable pests worldwide, LD 50 and LD 95 (lethal doses of 50% and 95% of the population) were measured on fivespecies (Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis quiliciiand Neoceratitis cyanescens), with essential oil-based extracts. Analysis of the LD 50 results showed differences between plants, ecotypes and types of extracts. LD 50 tests with essential oils were carried out on other economically important pests (Bemisia tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis), a non-pest fly (Drosophila melanogaster). The essential oil of P. borbonensishas also been tested onvarious Brassicaceae pests (Delia radicum, Meligethes aeneus, Psylliodes chrysocephala). A biocidal effect was found on all insects tested with significant variations in sensitivity. Olfactometric tests were also carried out and revealed that the essential oil of P. borbonensisis not repellent. This result is encouraging and makes it possible to consider a targeted application of essential oil via bait in an "attract & kill" approach.Action 4 initiated the process of developing a regulatory folder for the commercial use of plant or extract production. Finally, the Biopiper project has made it possible to create an operational and original consortium in partnership in order to screen, for research or service purposes, the biocidal activity of extracts fromdifferent plant