Thiadiazine Derivatives as Antiprotozoal New Drugs

The 3,5-disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione scaffold have found many applications in recent years. This review is aimed at highlighting the most important aspects about these compounds: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antiprotozoan activities. How the chemical nature of N-substituents influences the overall activity / cytotoxicity profile will also be discussed

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

B-CD8+ T Cell Interactions in the Anti-Idiotypic Response against a Self-Antibody

P3 is a murine, germline, IgM mAb that recognizes N-glycolylated gangliosides and other self-antigens. This antibody is able to induce an anti-idiotypic IgG response and B-T idiotypic cascade, even in the absence of any adjuvant or carrier protein. P3 mAb immunization induces the expression of activation markers in a significant percentage of B-1a cells in vivo. Interestingly, transfer of both B-1a and B-2 to BALB/Xid mice was required to recover anti-P3 IgG response in this model. In fact, P3 mAb activated B-2 cells, in vitro, inducing secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4, although this activation was not detected ex vivo. Interestingly, naïve CD8+ T cells increased the expression of activation markers and IFN-γ secretion in the presence of B-1a cells isolated from P3 mAb-immunized mice, even without in vitro restimulation. In contrast, B-2 cells were able to stimulate CD8+ T cells only if P3 was added in vitro. Using bioinformatics, a MHC class I-binding peptide from P3 VH region was identified. P3 mAb was able to induce a specific CTL response in vivo against cells presenting this peptide. Both humoral and CTL anti-idiotypic responses could be mechanisms to protect against the self-reactive antibody, contributing to keeping the tolerance to self-antigens

SHORT COMMUNICATION - Effect of Thiadiazine Derivatives on Intracellular Amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis

Current therapy for leishmaniasis is not satisfactory. We describe the in vitro antiproliferative effects of new thiadiazine derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis. The compounds were found to be active against the amastigote form of the parasite, inhibiting parasite growing, from 10 to 89%, at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. This activity suggests that thiadiazine derivatives could be considered as potential antileishmanial compounds

Thyroid nodular disease in patients with debut diabetes mellitus

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes en el mundo contemporáneo y origina una enorme carga en el aspecto social y el económico y en salud. La enfermedad nodular tiroidea, definida como la presencia de un nódulo único o múltiple dentro de la glándula tiroidea, es también un problema de salud frecuente que requiere de un manejo multidisciplinario.Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con enfermedad nodular tiroidea y diabetes mellitus de debut.Métodos: se desarrolló una investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal, en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Provincia de Villa Clara en 32 pacientes atendidos por Especialistas en Endocrinología y seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia en el período de septiembre de 2018 a diciembre de 2019.Resultados: la enfermedad nodular tiroidea fue frecuente a partir de los 50 años de edad (21 pacientes) y con mayor presencia en el sexo femenino (71,9 %). La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue la principal forma de debut (30 pacientes) y las causas principales de enfermedad nodular tiroidea fueron los adenomas (53,1%) y los quistes tiroideos (25%). El hipotiroidismo subclínico se identificó en siete pacientes con diabetes mellitus de debut (21,9%).Conclusiones: este estudio pone de manifiesto la coexistencia frecuente de la diabetes mellitus, la enfermedad nodular tiroidea y los estados subclínicos de hipofunción tiroidea en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Introduction: diabetes mellitus is one of the most important health problems in the contemporary world and causes an enormous social, economic and health impact. Nodular thyroid disease, defined as the presence of a single or multiple nodule within the thyroid gland, is also a common health problem that requires multidisciplinary management.Objective: to characterize patients with nodular thyroid disease and debut diabetes mellitus.Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional research was developed in the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital from Villa Clara Province in 32 patients attended by Endocrinology Specialists and selected by a non-probabilistic sampling at convenience in the period from September 2018 to December 2019.Results: nodular thyroid disease was frequent from 50 years of age (21 patients) and with greater presence in the female sex (71.9%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the main form of debut (30 patients) and the main causes of nodular thyroid disease were adenomas (53.1%) and thyroid cysts (25%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was identified in seven patients with debut diabetes mellitus (21.9%).Conclusions: This study highlights the frequent coexistence of diabetes mellitus, nodular thyroid disease and subclinical states of thyroid hypofunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

New somaclone of plantain (Musa AAB) obtainet by biotechnological techniques

Results obtained from Plant Breeding Programs on Musa spp. In the tissue culture Laboratory at INIVIT since 1987 is presented. Procedures described by IAEA with some modifications for mutation induction through in vitro culture were used. Meristematic sproutings (2-3 mm) from in vitro formed buds were isolated. Ionizan radiaton were carried out in a Cobalt 60 source at a rate of 50 Gy. A somaclone (‘Z-13’) is generalized due the following characteristics; tolerance to “Black Sigatoka” disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), average height of 2.70 m, a bunch in a truncated cone shape with 16.5 fingers per hand and a predominantly astringent taste, the stem is under soil level to have a better anchoar and a higher yield. Morphologic and molecular characterization showed the differences within selected variants in relation to the donor. The new mutant is proposed to be registered as a new cultivar by The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Advanced growers from Villa Clara and Ciego de Ávila, Cuba participated in the selection program. Key words: buds, in vitro mutations, tissue culture, somaclonal variatio