Nutritional screening tools in daily clinical practice: the focus on cancer

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common and under-recognized problem in cancer patients. It has been correlated to a large number of physical, psychological, and clinically relevant adverse effects in oncology patients, including impaired tolerance to anticancer therapy, adverse reactions, and reduced quality of life. Consequently, tailored strategies to identify patients at nutritional risk are essential to implement nutritional support effectively and to reduce cancer morbidity. Purpose of a nutritional screening tool: A screening tool should be an easy, standardized, rapid, noninvasive, and cost-effective diagnostic tool to identify cancer patients at nutritional risk in daily clinical practice. If patients at risk for malnutrition are identified early, many cases may be treated or prevented, with beneficial effects on patient outcome and subsequent reductions of health care costs. Screening tools: This article discusses the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, the Nutritional Risk Screening, the Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form®, the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) in an oncology setting. Conclusions: Clinical institutions should implement an appropriate and validated screening tool and assessment protocol, which should contain an action plan. To date, the MST and the PG-SGA are the best validated screening tools for use in oncology patients. The PG-SGA is an assessment tool with screening components, whereas the MST is a pure screening tool and, therefore, quick and easy to use for trained as well as untrained staff. Further validation of all nutrition screening tools is needed, as well as further research to evaluate the benefits of nutrition screening and support with regard to outcome

Glucocorticoid treatment, immobility, and constipation are associated with nutritional risk

Purpose: The hypothesis of this clinical study was to determine whether glucocorticoid use and immobility were associated with in-hospital nutritional risk. Methods: One hundred and one patients consecutively admitted to the medical wards were enrolled. Current medical conditions, symptoms, medical history, eating and drinking habits, diagnosis, laboratory findings, medications, and anthropometrics were recorded. The Nutrition Risk Score 2002 (NRS-2002) was used as a screening instrument to identify nutritional risk. Results: The results confirmed that glucocorticoid use and immobility are independently associated with nutritional risk determined by the NRS-2002. Constipation could be determined as an additional cofactor independently associated with nutritional risk. Conclusions: Glucocorticoid treatment, immobility, and constipation are associated with nutritional risk in a mixed hospitalized population. The presence of long-time glucocorticoid use, immobility, or constipation should alert the clinician to check for nutritional status, which is an important factor in mortality and morbidit

Attitudes and expectations of patients on home parenteral nutrition towards eHealth: A multicenter survey.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Advances in technology enable patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) to manage their treatment more independently and safely. eHealth is a promising application of electronic means in healthcare, aimed at improving and simplifying processes and connecting the different parties involved. A thorough understanding of the attitudes and expectations of patients on HPN towards eHealth is a prerequisite for a successful implementation. However, to the best of our knowledge, such a survey preceding the implementation of HPN specific eHealth care has never been conducted. The objective of this preliminary survey is the acquisition of insights on the attitudes and expectations of patients on HPN towards eHealth. Resulting findings then serve as the basis for the design of an eHealth platform to facilitate communication among those involved in HPN care, improve the HPN management, and safeguard and monitor the treatment. METHODS We conducted a survey on the attitudes and expectations of patients towards an envisioned eHealth platform for HPN. Patients were recruited from large Swiss hospitals by their treating physician or directly by the research team. The surveys were conducted between September 2020 and October 2021 by structured personal interviews based on a questionnaire. RESULTS We included 35 patients on HPN (21 [60%] females) treated in ambulant care of 4 hospitals. They had a median (interquartile range) age of 55 (18) years and a median (interquartile range) duration of parenteral nutrition of 1.3 (3.1) years. Most patients (n = 30, 86%) were equipped with a smartphone, tablet, or computer and 22 (63%) used apps and rated themselves as proficient with the corresponding digital device. A majority of patients rated the following aspects and features of the platform as important: Data collection and storage (n = 29, 83%), checklists for PN, catheter, and infusion pump handling (n = 28, 80%), video instructions (n = 27, 77%), and videoconferencing with physicians (n = 25, 71%). Most patients (n = 26, 74%) were willing to enter data into the platform themselves. The type of data to be entered should be defined on an individual basis. CONCLUSIONS Patients on HPN are open to videoconference consultations and using an eHealth platform. Two-thirds have the necessary technical skills including suitable digital devices for an eHealth care. We identified key features of an eHealth platform to improve HPN management

Praxisnahe Scores für die Erfassung der Mangelernährung

Malnutrition occurs in 30 - 60 % of hospitalized medical or surgical patients, as well as out-patients. Serious consequences at various levels were observed. Malnutrition influences negatively the quality of life, the immune system, muscle strength and worsens the prognosis of the patient. Interventions for a rapid and simple identification and effective treatment of this condition are essential and cost saving. Screening tools for the identification of patients at nutritional risk are very useful in daily practice. The systematic identification of patients with potential or apparent malnutrition is very important allowing an effective nutritional treatment at an early time. The medical team in charge should perform the nutritional risk screening and the following assessment to recognize the nutritional problems and to solve them in an interdisciplinary and -professional team.Eine Mangelernährung besteht bei ca. 30 – 60 % der hospitalisierten als auch der ambulanten medizinischen oder chirurgischen Patienten. Schwerwiegende Folgen werden auf diversen Ebenen beobachtet. Sie beeinträchtigt die Lebensqualität, schwächt das Immunsystem und die Muskulatur und verschlechtert die Prognose der Patienten. Interventionen zur Erkennung und Behandlung der Mangelernährung sind wirksam und kostensparend. Im Alltag sind einfache standardisierte Screeningtests für die Erfassung von Risikopatienten sehr nützlich. Die systematische Identifikation von Patienten mit potenzieller oder manifester Mangelernährung ist fundamental, um eine adäquate Ernährungstherapie schnellstmöglich einzuleiten. Das Screening und anschließende Assessment sollte vom betreuenden medizinischen Team durchgeführt werden, damit es die ernährungsbezogenen Probleme in einem interdisziplinären und -professionellen Team erkennen und lösen kann

Cervelat oder Rüebli – die Qual der Wahl!

As far as healthy food is concerned, it cannot be categorized simply as "good" or "bad" since its effect on health depends mainly on the amount and method consumed. Today's recommendations include a diversified diet, a diet which targets energy-balance and provides all nutrients necessary. Living in an affluent society aggravates healthy choices because of a constantly available, large assortment of food items. In general, the way food is prepared these days has changed a lot: mainly, the energy content has constantly increased, while the fiber and natural micronutrient concentrations decreased. Food items with a high energy yield, containing a lot of fat and sugar, affects our energy balance, which may lead to diseases of affluence such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some kinds of tumors.Sich in einer Überflussgesellschaft gesund zu ernähren, wo praktisch jedes Lebensmittel jederzeit zur Verfügung steht, ist schwierig. Es erstaunt deshalb auch nicht, dass gestörtes Essverhalten und Fehlernährung häufige Probleme in industrialisierten Ländern sind. Während die Prävalenz des Untergewichtes in der Schweiz mit rund 3.5 % der Bevölkerung relativ konstant ist, nehmen Übergewicht und Adipositas stetig zu

Ursachen und Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – aus der Sicht der Schule

Nach einem längeren, kontinuierlichen Anstieg ist die Zahl der übergewichtigen und adipösen Kinder und Jugendlichen gemäß neusten Untersuchungen stabil oder minimal rückläufig. Gefragt sind deshalb langfristige Strategien, um das Gesundheitsbewusstsein bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu verbessern

Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax with fatal outcome in a patient with melorheostosis

We report a case of progressive, multifocal melorheostosis in a 28-year-old woman, with involvement of the left arm, chest, spine, and impressive soft tissue involvement. In the past, she had undergone multiple vascular interventions. She presented with spontaneous massive bilateral chylothorax. After conservative treatment without success, we conducted bilateral pleurodesis. This resulted in a clear reduction of pleural effusions, but her medical condition subsequently worsened due to progressive parenchymatous infiltrates, and increased interlobal pleural effusions. She ultimately died of global respiratory insufficiency. In patients with melorheostosis, involvement of the soft tissue can result in distinctive morbidity, and whenever possible, treatment should be conservative