The Effects of Gentrification on Subsidized-Housing Programs in New York City

Over the several decades, rent-burdens for low-and moderate-income New Yorkers have continued to increase, leading to demands for more affordable housing. This trend has become only worse with citywide gentrification over time. Federal, state and city governments have implemented various subsidized housing programs to support more affordable housing units. One of the key determinants in stocks of affordable units is the opt-out rate, which is dependent on property owners’ decision to leave the program after the contract term. Thus, information on what factors make owners stay in or leave subsidy programs can be useful in policy-makers’ effort to preserve affordable housing units. This study examines factors associated with gentrification and their relationship with opt-out rate of subsidized rental housing programs. Through a statistical logistic regression model, this study investigated if factors associated with gentrification, such as median income, nearby property prices and other neighborhood conditions, have bigger impacts on owner’ decisions to stay or leave subsidy programs than other factors that generally affect property prices or owner’s decision to change property prices. The results suggested that gentrification predictors have substantial impacts on property’s opting-out, comparable to other control factors. The findings of this study highlights the importance of using extensive neighborhood data to develop an effective affordable housing preservation strategy

Dictoniary extension for topic analysis of Swedish online texts

In Natural Language Processing, topic analysis is the task of automatically detecting and extracting keywords from a large collection of text data in order to identify topics. On some social media platforms, such as Twitter, we can use hashtags to identify corresponding topics. However, only some of the tweets contain hashtags. In order to enhance the topic detection, we can extend the existing hashtags by extracting keywords representative of specific topics. In this project, hashtag extensions were extracted from tweets written by Swedish politicians. The following approaches were chosen for generating the hashtag extensions and compared in terms of precision and consideration of context: traditional information retrieval, Twitter specific approach based on co-occurring words and hashtags and a neural network based approach, which is called Word2Vec. The data set of tweets were preprocessed. Experiments of the three different approaches were run on the preprocessed data set. In terms of precision, the Word2Vec performed best and it produced the precision score 40%. Only the neural network approach, Word2Vec, could generate the useful hashtag extensions in consideration of the contextual interpretation.

Dictoniary extension for topic analysis of Swedish online texts

In Natural Language Processing, topic analysis is the task of automatically detecting and extracting keywords from a large collection of text data in order to identify topics. On some social media platforms, such as Twitter, we can use hashtags to identify corresponding topics. However, only some of the tweets contain hashtags. In order to enhance the topic detection, we can extend the existing hashtags by extracting keywords representative of specific topics. In this project, hashtag extensions were extracted from tweets written by Swedish politicians. The following approaches were chosen for generating the hashtag extensions and compared in terms of precision and consideration of context: traditional information retrieval, Twitter specific approach based on co-occurring words and hashtags and a neural network based approach, which is called Word2Vec. The data set of tweets were preprocessed. Experiments of the three different approaches were run on the preprocessed data set. In terms of precision, the Word2Vec performed best and it produced the precision score 40%. Only the neural network approach, Word2Vec, could generate the useful hashtag extensions in consideration of the contextual interpretation.

볼프강 쾨펜의 작품에 나타난 문학적 공간서술

Die Raumsoziologin Martina Löw weist auch auf die dynamische Charakteristik des Raums hin: „Der Raum ist die Beziehungsstruktur zwischen Körpern, welche ständig in Bewegung sind. Raum ist demnach nicht der starre Behälter, der unabhängig von den materiellen Verhältnissen existiert, sondern Raum und Körperwelt sind verwoben. Karl Schlögel, ein deutscher Historiker, der den engen Zusammenhang zwischen Raum und Zeit forscht, sagt, „Geschichte spielt nicht nur in der Zeit, sondern auch im Raum. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Folgenden literarische Raumdarstellungen von Wolfgang Koeppen (1906-1996) in topographischer Hinsicht untersucht. Koeppen stellt in seinen Romanen und Prosawerken fast immer einen bestimmten, konkreten Ort, meistens eine Großstadt, dar, wobei der Ort nicht bloß als Kulisse der Erzählung existiert, sondern eine ästhetische Funktion innehat. Im Folgenden wird versucht, näher auf Wolfgang Koeppens literarische Städtebilder und die räumliche Darstellung einzugehen und zum Schluss seine Identität als nonkonformistischer Schriftsteller festzustellen. Der Untersuchung liegen der Erzähltext Jugend (1972) sowie die Prosatexte Ein Kaffeehaus (1965) und Nach der Heimat gefragt...(1972) zugrunde. 20세기의 문예학 서술이론이 주로 시간적 관점에 근거하여 서술시간과 서술된 시간의 차이를 분석하는 데에 집중한 반면, 21세기의 주요 연구 관심사는 작품 속에 나타나는 공간과 공간성이 어떤 양상을 띠고 있으며, 이는 현실의 공간개념과 어떤 차이를 가지는가 하는 데에 있다. 프레드릭 제임슨은 현대사회에서 공간개념이 얼마나 광범위하게 우리의 일상을 지배하고 있는지 강조한다. 한편, 디지털 기술과 인터넷 소통체계의 발달로 오늘날의 공간은 물리적 영토, 국가, 고향 등과 같은 전통적 의미를 잃어가고 있으며, 점차 가상공간으로서의 역할과 의미를 부여받고 있다. 비록 공간개념이 급속히 변화하는 양상을 보이고 있지만, 한 개인의 정체성은 자신의 고향 공간과 분리시켜 생각될 수 없다. 일찍이 볼프강 쾨펜이 꿈꾼 유토피아적 공간은 베를린이었다. 1920년대의 베를린은 많은 지식인과 예술가들이 모여드는 유럽의 대표적 대도시였다. 어머니의 죽음 후 출생지 그라이프스발트를 떠나온 쾨펜은 베를린 뵈르젠 쿠리어 Berliner Börsen-Courier에서 일자리를 얻었으며, 작가로서의 길을 갈 수 있었다. 마르셀 라이히 라니츠키는 쾨펜의 작품이 보여주는 현대성을 누구보다 먼저 발견하였으며, 그를 타고난 아스팔트 작가 Asphaltliterat라고 평하기도 하였다. 쾨펜이 베를린을 좋아했던 이유는 무엇보다 그곳의 여러 카페들에서 느낄 수 있는 자유롭고 지적인 분위기 때문이었다. 특히 그가 자신의 영혼의 고향이라고 부른 카페가 바로 로마니셰스 카페이다. 쾨펜은 1965년 카페하우스 Ein Kaffeehaus라는 제목으로 자신이 사랑했던 마음의 고향에 일종의 오마주를 남겼는데, 4쪽 분량에 달하는 단 한 개의 문장으로 이루어진 극도로 이례적인 언어구조물 안에서 그가 말하고자 한 주제는 중세로부터 낭만주의를 거쳐 프로이센 제국과 나치즘에 이르기까지 독일민족이 걸어온 역사와 변화의 모습들이다. 텍스트는 거대한 분량의 역사적 시간이 언어의 가장 작은 단위 혹은 공간으로 축약된 모습을 잘 보여 주고 있다. 폭격과 함께 자신의 비밀스런 조국 geheimes Vaterland은 사라졌지만, 작가는 텍스트에서 기억의 공간을 재생산함으로써 새로운 문학적 공간을 창조한 것이다.N

Die Rolle des Intellektuellen in der Gesellschaft - Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Solidarität und Freiheit bei Alfred Andersch

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Rolle des Intellektuellen in der Gesellschaft in Bezug auf Alfred Anderschs literarische und mediale Aktivitäten in den späten 50er Jahren. Gut 10 Jahre nach Kriegsende 1945 hat sich Alfred Andersch mit den Themen von Verfolgung, Flucht und Freiheit des Menschen auseinandergesetzt, wobei das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Solidarität und Freiheit der Menschheit hervorgehoben wird. Andersch war ein überzeugender Befürworter für die engagierte Literatur. Sein geistiger Vater war der französische Romancier, Philosoph und Publizist Jean-Paul Sartre, der als Paradefigur der französischen Intellektuellen des 20. Jahrhunderts gilt. Andersch wurde von Sartres Philosophie und Literatur stark beeinflusst. Als engagierter Künstler hat er die Zeitschrift Texte und Zeichen herausgegeben und beim Süddeuschen Rundfunk das gesellschaftskritische Programm Radio-Essay geleitet. 1957 wurde sein erfolgreichster Roman Sansibar oder der letzte Grund erschienen

Sensory Stimuli to Sustainable Social Wellbeing: A Multimodal Approach Based on Warm Scent

Sensory experiences affect individuals’ judgment and behavior through the metaphors that experiences carry. The literature has demonstrated that the perception of warmth activates concepts related to positive meaning and metaphors, such as consideration and gentleness, which increase individuals’ tendency to help or relate to others. This study hypothesized that warm olfactory stimuli influence intention toward prosocial behavior by increasing the need for social connectedness (NSC). The first experiment (n = 123) demonstrated that the actual warm scent increased participants’ intentions for prosocial behavior and that the effect of the actual warm scent was mediated by NSC. Using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a second experiment (n = 995) was conducted the showed that warm scent simulated via visual stimuli (i.e., a multimodal approach) led to prosocial behavior intention as well. The results of the study provide academic and managerial insights into how to improve prosocial behavior intention, which is essential for the sustainable development of societies

Speech Characteristics as Indicators of Personality Traits

This study examines the relationship between speech characteristics and personality traits by drawing on pseudo-naturalistic conversations and on personality dimensions identified by the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) model which assesses four personality dimensions of introversion-extroversion, sensing-intuiting, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving. The speech of 30 participants was recorded and transcribed, after which a number of speech features including pitch, loudness, response time (i.e., how fast one responds to a prompt), speech rate, and discourse markers were extracted and analyzed. Results show that several speech features correspond to different personality dimensions. Specifically, speech rate as measured by words per minute reveals significant differences between judging individuals and perceiving individuals (perceiving individuals speak faster than judging individuals); there is a significant difference in response time for extroverts and introverts (extroverts respond faster); a significant difference is observed in loudness between judging and perceiving individuals (judging individuals are louder). The frequency of discourse markers is significantly higher for intuiting individuals than sensing individuals. The study discusses these findings in further inquiring the relationship between language and personality