185 research outputs found
Inexact Online Proximal Mirror Descent for time-varying composite optimization
In this paper, we consider the online proximal mirror descent for solving the
time-varying composite optimization problems. For various applications, the
algorithm naturally involves the errors in the gradient and proximal operator.
We obtain sharp estimates on the dynamic regret of the algorithm when the
regular part of the cost is convex and smooth. If the Bregman distance is given
by the Euclidean distance, our result also improves the previous work in two
ways: (i) We establish a sharper regret bound compared to the previous work in
the sense that our estimate does not involve term appearing in that
work. (ii) We also obtain the result when the domain is the whole space
, whereas the previous work was obtained only for bounded
domains. We also provide numerical tests for problems involving the errors in
the gradient and proximal operator.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Quantum Optical Induced-Coherence Tomography by a Hybrid Interferometer
Quantum interferometry based on induced-coherence phenomena has demonstrated
the possibility of undetected-photon measurements. Perturbation in the optical
path of probe photons can be detected by interference signals generated by
quantum mechanically correlated twin photons propagating through a different
path, possibly at a different wavelength. To the best of our knowledge, this
work demonstrates for the first time a hybrid-type induced-coherence
interferometer that incorporates a Mach-Zehnder-type interferometer for visible
photons and a Michelson-type interferometer for infrared photons, based on
double-pass pumped spontaneous parametric down-conversion. This configuration
enables infrared optical measurements via the detection of near-visible photons
and provides methods for characterizing the quality of measurements by
identifying photon pairs of different origins. The results verify that the
induced-coherence interference visibility is approximately the same as the
heralding efficiencies between twin photons along the relevant spatial modes.
Applications to both time-domain and frequency-domain quantum-optical
induced-coherence tomography for three-dimensional test structures are
demonstrated. The results prove the feasibility of practical undetected-photon
sensing and imaging techniques based on the presented structure
Characteristics, Outcomes and Predictors of Long-Term Mortality for Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: A Report From the Korean Heart Failure Registry
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with a poor prognosis and it requires repeated hospitalizations. However, there are few studies on the characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of AHF. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of the patients hospitalized for AHF in Korea.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical data of 3,200 hospitalization episodes that were recorded between June 2004 and April 2009 from the Korean Heart Failure (KorHF) Registry database. The mean age was 67.6Β±14.3 years and 50% of the patients were female.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine point six percent (29.6%) of the patients had a history of previous HF and 52.3% of the patients had ischemic heart disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reported for 89% of the patients. The mean LVEF was 38.5Β±15.7% and 26.1% of the patients had preserved systolic function (LVEF β₯50%), which was more prevalent in the females (34.0% vs. 18.4%, respectively, p<0.001). At discharge, 58.6% of the patients received beta-blockers (BB), 53.7% received either angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB), and 58.4% received both BB and ACEi/ARB. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year mortality rates were 15%, 21%, 26% and 30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age {hazard ratio: 1.023 (95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.042); p=0.020}, a previous history of heart failure {1.735 (1.150-2.618); p=0.009}, anemia {1.973 (1.271-3.063); p=0.002}, hyponatremia {1.861 (1.184-2.926); p=0.007}, a high level of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) {3.152 (1.450-6.849); p=0.004} and the use of BB at discharge {0.599 (0.360-0.997); p=0.490} were significantly associated with total death.
CONCLUSION: We present here the characteristics and prognosis of an unselected population of AHF patients in Korea. The long-term mortality rate was comparable to that reported in other countries. The independent clinical risk factors included age, a previous history of heart failure, anemia, hyponatremia, a high NT-proBNP level and taking BB at discharge.ope
Culprit-Lesion-Only Versus Multivessel Revascularization Using Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-Based Analysis
Impact of insulin therapy on the mortality of acute heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus
Background
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher prevalence of heart failure (HF) than those without it. Approximately 40β% of HF patients have DM and they tend to have poorer outcomes than those without DM. This study evaluated the impact of insulin therapy on mortality among acute HF patients.
Methods
A total of 1740 patients from the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry with DM were included in this study. The risk of all-cause mortality according to insulin therapy was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance the clinical characteristics (pretreatment covariates) between the groups.
Results
DM patients had been treated with either oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) alone (nβ=β620), insulin alone (nβ=β682), or insulin combined with OHAs (nβ=β438). The insulin alone group was associated with an increased mortality risk compared with the OHA alone group (HRβ=β1.41, 95β% CI 1.21β1.66]). Insulin therapy combined with OHAs also showed an increased mortality risk (HRβ=β1.29, 95β% CI 1.14β1.46) compared with the OHA alone group. Insulin therapy was consistently associated with increased mortality risk, regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or HF etiology. A significant increase in mortality was observed in patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c <β7.0β%) receiving insulin, whereas there was no significant association in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c β₯β7.0%).
Conclusions
Insulin therapy was found to be associated with increased mortality compared to OHAs. The insulin therapy was harmful especially in patients with low HbA1c levels which may suggest the necessity of specific management strategies and blood sugar targets when using insulin in patients with HF.This study was supported by the Research of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010-E63003-00, 2011-E63002-00, 2012-E63005-00, 2013E63003-00, 2013-E63003-01, 2013-E63003-02, and 2016-ER6303-00
Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study
Although more than one-third of the patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have diabetes mellitus (DM), it is unclear if DM has an adverse impact on clinical outcomes. This study compared the outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF stratified by DM and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry prospectively enrolled and followed 5625 patients from March 2011 to February 2019. The primary endpoints were in-hospital and overall all-cause mortality. We evaluated the impact of DM on these endpoints according to HF subtypes and glycemic control.
During a median follow-up of 3.5years, there were 235 (4.4%) in-hospital mortalities and 2500 (46.3%) overall mortalities. DM was significantly associated with increased overall mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03β1.22). In the subgroup analysis, DM was associated with higher a risk of overall mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) only (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02β1.27). Inadequate glycemic control (HbA1cββ₯β7.0% within 1year after discharge) was significantly associated with a higher risk of overall mortality compared with adequate glycemic control (HbA1cβ<β7.0%) (44.0% vs. 36.8%, log-rank pβ=β0.016).
DM is associated with a higher risk of overall mortality in AHF, especially HFrEF. Well-controlled diabetes (HbA1cβ<β7.0%) is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality compared to uncontrolled diabetes.
Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01389843. Registered July 6, 2011. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01389843This study was supported by Research of Korea Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (2010-E63003-00, 2011-E63002-00, 2012-E63005-00, 2013E63003-00, 2013-E63003-01, 2013-E63003-02, and 2016-ER6303-00)
Effects of Interleukin-10 Polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori Infection, and Smoking on the Risk of Noncardia Gastric Cancer
OBJECTIVE: Both variations in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene and environmental factors are thought to influence inflammation and gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the associations between IL10 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and smoking in noncardia gastric carcinogenesis in Koreans. METHODS: We genotyped three promoter polymorphisms (-1082A>G, -819T>C, and -592 A>C) of IL10 in a case-control study of 495 noncardia gastric cancer patients and 495 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Multiple logistic regression models were used to detect the effects of IL10 polymorphisms, H. pylori infection, and smoking on the risk of gastric cancer, which was stratified by the histological type of gastric cancer. RESULTS: The IL10-819C and -592C alleles were found to have complete linkage disequilibrium, and all three IL10 polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of intestinal-type noncardia gastric cancer. These associations were observed only in H. pylori-positive subjects and current smokers. A statistically significant interaction between the IL10-592 genotype and H. pylori infection on the risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer was observed (P for interaction β=β0.047). In addition, H. pylori-positive smokers who were carriers of either the IL10-1082G (OR [95% CI] β=β17.76 [6.17-51.06]) or the -592C (OR [95% CI] β=β8.37 [2.79-25.16]) allele had an increased risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer compared to H. pylori-negative nonsmokers homozygous for IL10-1082A and -592A, respectively. The interaction between the IL10-1082 polymorphism and the combined effects of H. pylori infection and smoking tended towards significance (P for interaction β=β0.080). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation-related genetic variants may interact with H. pylori infection and smoking to increase the risk of noncardia gastric cancer, particularly the intestinal-type. These findings may be helpful in identifying individuals at an increased risk for developing noncardia gastric cancer
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