5 research outputs found

    El uso de la metodología DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) para la evaluación del impacto de las TIC en la productividad del sector hotelero

    Get PDF
    El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar una técnica no paramétrica para la construcción de fronteras de producción que es aplicada en muchos estudios sobre eficiencia y hotelería. El DEA (Análisis Envolvente de Datos) permite la utilización de múltiples inputs y outputs sin imponer ninguna forma funcional a los datos o hacer suposiciones de ineficiencia. Para proporcionar la medición total de la eficiencia económica (Economic Efficiency) se combinan tanto la eficiencia técnica (Technical Efficiency), que se refiere a la capacidad de un hotel para obtener el máximo output para un determinado conjunto de inputs, con referencia a una determinada función de producción; como la eficiencia asignativa (Allocative Efficiency), que se refiere a la capacidad de un hotel para utilizar los inputs y generar outputs en proporciones óptimas, considerando sus respectivos precios. El modelo DEA permite la medición de las dos cuando tenemos información sobre los precios y queremos considerar un objetivo comportamental, como minimizar los costes y maximizar los ingresos. En los modelos orientados al output, DEA propone identificar la ineficiencia con un aumento proporcional en la obtención de la producción. En los modelos orientados a los inputs, la ineficiencia técnica se identificaría con una disminución proporcional en el uso de las entradas. En cuanto a los hoteles, las orientaciones de mercado parece ser la elección natural debido a su posición competitiva.The main objective of this paper is to analyze the nonparametric technique used in many studies of hospitality. The econometric frontier approach, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) allows the use of multiple inputs/outputs without imposing any functional form to data or make assumptions of inefficiency. (Technical Efficiency) refers to the ability of a hotel for the maximum output for a given set of inputs, with reference to a function of production. Conversely, (Allocative Efficiency) refers to the ability of a hotel to use the inputs and produce outputs in optimal proportions given their prices. These two measures are combined to provide the measurement of total (Economic Efficiency). The DEA model allows measurement of both when we have information about prices and we want to consider a behavioral objective, such as minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. In the production oriented models DEA is to identify the inefficiency as a proportional increase in production use. You can use an input oriented model to technical inefficiency with a proportional decrease in the use of the entrances. With regard to the guidance market hotels seem to be the natural choice due to its competitive position

    Análisis de la productividad de los hoteles portugueses mediante los índices de Malmquist

    Get PDF
    El trabajo presentado pretende analizar la evolución de la productividad de los hoteles portugueses utilizando el denominado Índice de Productividad de Malmquist (MPI) calculados mediante la técnica no paramétrica DEA. Esta metodología reconoce que la eficiencia técnica se puede mejorar y permite tomar decisiones para ello. Para utilizar dicha metodología se necesita definir las entradas y salidas de los servicios ofrecidos por los establecimientos hoteleros. La caracterización de las entradas y salidas implica mirar el proceso de generación de los servicios como una "caja negra". De hecho la mayoría de los enfoques sobre productividad adoptan este punto de vista en las primeras etapas del análisis, con la calificación del proceso, pudiendo ser contemplado como un compendio de varias unidades empresariales, cada una utilizando las mismas clases de entradas para producir los mismos tipos de salidas. El enfoque utilizado en la presente investigación fue ampliado para incorporar los rendimientos variables de escala en la tecnología (VRS). El resultado de esta extensión es, según Färe, Grosskopf y Lovell (1994, pp. 231-232) y Färe, Grosskopf, Norris y Zhang (1994, pp.74-75), la descomposición de la variación de la eficiencia técnica en variación de la eficiencia técnica pura, calculada sobre los retornos variables de escala de la tecnología y una componente residual que capta los cambios en la desviación entre la frontera tecnológica de retornos constantes de escala y los retornos variables de escala (cambio en la eficiencia de escala).The paper presented intends to analyze the evolution of productivity in portuguese hotels using the so-called Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) calculated using the non- parametric technique DEA. This methodology recognizes that technical efficiency can be improved and allows decisions to do so. To use the methodology is needed to define the inputs and outputs of the services offered by the hotels. The characterization of the inputs and outputs involves looking at the process of generation of the services as a "black box". In fact most of the approaches to productivity adopt this point of view in the early stages of the analysis, with the qualification of the process, and can be seen as a composite of several business units, each using the same kinds of inputs to produce the same types of outputs.The approach used in this research was expanded to incorporate the variable returns of scale (VRS) technology. The result of this extension is, according to Färe, Grosskopf and Lovell (1994, pp. 231-232) and Färe, Grosskopf, Norris and Zhang (1994, pp.74-75), the decomposition of the variation of the technical efficiency in variation of pure technical efficiency, calculated on the technology of variable returns of scale and a residual component that captures changes to the deviation between the technological frontier of constant returns of scale and variable returns of scale (change in the efficiency of scale)

    Las TIC y la productividad: una revisión crítica

    Get PDF
    Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal el análisis de las TIC y su relación con el desempeño económico, realizándose a través de la modelización del proceso de producción y de una extensa revisión de la literatura. También se analiza el estado de la investigación sobre esta temática y se realizan algunas cuestiones de investigación pertinentes. En esta revisión crítica claramente emergen tres conclusiones. En primer lugar, la paradoja de la productividad, tal como fue formulado originalmente por Solow (1987), ha sido revisada y un gran número de estudios han documentado el impacto significativo de las inversiones en TIC sobre la productividad de las empresas, sectores y países, mostrando que la utilización de las TIC sí aparece de hecho en las estadísticas sobre la productividad. En segundo lugar, a pesar de que la nueva economía y la alta rentabilidad de las TIC han captado la atención de los medios de comunicación desde finales de los noventa, las inversiones en las TIC han aumentado la productividad desde hace más de dos décadas. En tercer lugar, y más significativo para las empresas, es que a pesar de que en promedio los rendimientos de las inversiones en TIC son positivas, existe una amplia variedad de rendimientos entre las diferentes empresas, obteniendo algunas resultados mucho mejores que otras. Este hecho se explica en parte debido a la diferente idiosincrasia entre ellas, lo que se traduce en diferentes oportunidades para utilizar las TIC de manera productiva. En síntesis, el uso de las TIC no es simplemente una herramienta para la automatización de procesos, sino, lo que más importante, es un instrumento que facilita los cambios organizacionales y que puede conducir a ganancias de productividad adicionales.The main objective of this paper is an analysis of ICT (Information Communication Technologies) and its relationship with economic performance through a modeling of production processes and an extensive literature review. In addition, this paper analyzes the current state of research and proposes some relevant research questions. From this review, three clear conclusions can be drawn. First, the productivity paradox, as originally formulated by Solow (1987), has been revised and a great number of studies have documented the significant impact of investment in ICT on the productivity of companies, sectors and countries. This shows that what computers do in fact does appear in productivity statistics. Second, although the so-called New Economy and the high returns on ICT investment only captured the attention of the average person in the late 1990s, investment in ICT has now been increasing productivity for more than two decades. Third, and most significantly for businesses, although the returns on investments in ICT are on average positive, there has been a wide range of performance levels for different companies so that some achieve much better results than others. These results can be explained by idiosyncratic differences between companies which translate into different opportunities for using ICT productively. In short, ICT is not only a tool for the automation of processes but, more importantly, it facilitates organizational changes and can lead to additional gains in productivity

    Assessing the impact of information and communication technologies on the Portuguese hotel sector: an exploratory analysis with data envelopment analysis

    No full text
    The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the efficiency of four- and five-star hotels in Portugal and to contribute to the identification of mechanisms that explain the relationship between ICT and efficiency within the hotel sector through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Overall, based on research fundamentals and the results obtained, it can be said that the main research questions were answered and the objectives of the study were achieved. In response to research questions related to the use of ICT in the Portuguese hotel industry, the following uses were determined for hotels in the sample: defining efficient frontiers, identifying efficient and inefficient hotels, ranking hotels according to their efficiency and revealing areas of inefficient hotels that have to be improved to increase effectiveness (improvement targets). Moreover, this study illustrates not only the importance of ICT in achieving higher levels of efficiency but also discusses other specific issues which must be taken into account so that the benefits of ICT can be experienced. Specifically, it was found that the availability of ICT does not alone lead to optimum performance

    The information and communication technologies on the productivity of Portuguese hotel sector

    Get PDF
    The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the productivity of the Portuguese hotel sector. Another is to contribute to the identification of mechanisms that explain the relationship between ICT and efficiency within the hotel sector through DEA-MPI methodology. In this way, we intend to make a contribution to the investigation of the so-called productivity paradox of ICT, through the development of a methodology that seeks to overcome some methodological deficiencies present in studies conducted. Overall, based on research fundamentals and the results obtained, it can be said that the main research questions were answered and the objectives of the study were achieved. Thus, studies that investigate the impact of ICT on productivity have sometimes led to contradictory results and/or doubtful in relation to benefits of the same. Our study contradicted them in the sense in which increases the value of services offered by hotels are, among others, the development of ICTO objetivo global é avaliar o impacto das TIC na produtividade do setor hoteleiro em Portugal. Deste modo, pretendemos dar um contributo para a investigação do chamado paradoxo da produtividade das TIC, através do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que procure superar algumas das deficiências metodológicas presentes nos estudos realizados até ao momento. Em termos de conclusões, com base nos fundamentos e nos resultados obtidos, pode dizer-se que as principais questões colocadas foram respondidas e os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados, Assim, os estudos que investigam o impacto das TIC na produtividade têm algumas vezes conduzido a resultados contraditórios e/ou duvidosos em relação aos benefícios das mesmas e o nosso estudo contrariou-os no sentido em que o que aumenta o valor dos serviços oferecidos pelos hotéis são, entre outros, o desenvolvimento das TIC
    corecore