13 research outputs found

    Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

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    Yvan Lafontaine : La présence familiÚre, dessins et gravures

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    Yvan LaFontaine : La fragilité du réel

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    Contamination des eaux de surface en milieu rural par des résidus d'antibiotiques

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    Les antibiotiques sont des molĂ©cules trĂšs utilisĂ©es en mĂ©decines humaine et vĂ©tĂ©rinaire pour combattre efficacement et prĂ©venir les maladies d'origine bactĂ©rienne. Cette forte utilisation conduit Ă  s'interroger sur le devenir de ces molĂ©cules dans l'environnement et sur leurs effets potentiels sur l'Ă©quilibre des Ă©cosystĂšmes. De plus, cette exposition continue des microorganismes Ă  de faibles concentrations d'antibiotiques pourrait ĂȘtre Ă  l'origine de l'Ă©mergence de souches bactĂ©riennes rĂ©sistantes. UtilisĂ©s dans les Ă©levages, les antibiotiques sont rejetĂ©s soit directement dans les cours d'eau avec les effluents liquides, soit indirectement par l'Ă©pandage des dĂ©chets de l'Ă©levage sur les terres agricoles. Ces molĂ©cules peuvent ĂȘtre retenues dans le sol, ou ĂȘtre entraĂźnĂ©es par les eaux de ruissellement vers les cours d'eau. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire de mieux connaĂźtre leur comportement ainsi que leurs niveaux de prĂ©sence dans l'environnement afin de mieux Ă©valuer les consĂ©quences induites sur le plan Ă©cologique. La dĂ©tection de rĂ©sidus antibiotiques dans les eaux de surface et l'Ă©mergence de souches bactĂ©riennes rĂ©sistantes Ă  certains antibiotiques constituent une nouvelle prĂ©occupation pour les scientifiques et les gestionnaires des ressources en eau. Cette Ă©tude sur le bassin versant de la Blaise (607 km2), un affluent secondaire de la Marne, concerne la dĂ©tection de quelques antibiotiques utilisĂ©s en mĂ©decine humaine et vĂ©tĂ©rinaire dans diffĂ©rents secteurs en milieu rural (terres arables, forĂȘts, prairies). Le niveau de contamination de la riviĂšre a Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©hendĂ© Ă  partir de six molĂ©cules, appartenant Ă  diffĂ©rentes familles d'antibiotiques fortement utilisĂ©es. Plusieurs composĂ©s ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©celĂ©s, notamment l'acide oxolinique, la flumĂ©quine, la norfloxacine, Ă  des concentrations de l'ordre de la dizaine de nanogrammes par litre, variant suivant les conditions saisonniĂšres

    Ecoulements capillaires et chargés dans les procédés d'élaboration de composites par APS et RMI

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    Un procédé alternatif envisagé pour la réalisation de matériaux composites [1,2] à matrice céramique consiste à combiner un procédé APS (Aspiration Poudres Submicroniques) avec un procédé RMI (Reactive Melt Infiltration). L'étape APS consiste à assurer une premiÚre densification du composite par l'apport, par injection forcée, de nanocharges qui viennent remplir les espaces poraux entre le

    ARHGEF18 participates in Endothelial Cell Mechano-sensitivity in Response to Flow

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    Abstract Hemodynamic forces play an important role in vascular network development and homeostasis. In physiological condition, shear stress generated by laminar flow promotes endothelial cells (EC) health and induces their alignment in the direction of flow. In contrast, altered hemodynamic forces induce endothelial dysfunction and lead to the development of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Following mechano-sensor activation, Rho protein-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement is one of the first steps in transforming flow-induced forces into intracellular signals in EC via guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) that mediate the spatio-temporal activation of these Rho proteins. Here we identified ARHGEF18 as a flow-sensitive RhoGEF specifically activating RhoA. Both ARHGEF18 expression and activity were controlled by shear stress level. ARHGEF18 promotes EC adhesion, focal adhesion formation and migration. ARHGEF18 localized to the tight junction by interacting with ZO-1 and participated to shear stress-induced EC elongation and alignment via its nucleotide exchange activity and the activation of p38 MAPK. Our study therefore characterized ARHGEF18 as the first flow-sensitive RhoA GEF in ECs, whose activity is essential for the maintenance of intercellular junctions and a properly organized endothelial monolayer under physiological flow conditions

    Reduced Reverse Cholesterol Transport Efficacy in Healthy Men with Undesirable Postprandial Triglyceride Response

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    International audienceElevation of nonfasting triglyceride (TG) levels above 1.8 g/L (2 mmol/L) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Exacerbated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PP–HTG) and metabolic context both modulate the overall efficacy of the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, but the specific contribution of exaggerated PP–HTG on RCT efficacy remains indeterminate. Healthy male volunteers (n = 78) exhibiting no clinical features of metabolic disorders underwent a postprandial exploration following consumption of a typical Western meal providing 1200 kcal. Subjects were stratified according to maximal nonfasting TG levels reached after ingestion of the test meal into subjects with a desirable PP–TG response (GLow, TG &lt; 1.8 g/L, n = 47) and subjects with an undesirable PP–TG response (GHigh, TG &gt; 1.8 g/L, n = 31). The impact of the degree of PP–TG response on major steps of RCT pathway, including cholesterol efflux from human macrophages, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, and hepatic high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesteryl ester (CE) selective uptake, was evaluated. Cholesterol efflux from human macrophages was not significantly affected by the degree of the PP–TG response. Postprandial increase in CETP-mediated CE transfer from HDL to triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, and more specifically to chylomicrons, was enhanced in GHigh vs. GLow. The hepatic HDL-CE delivery was reduced in subjects from GHigh in comparison with those from GLow. Undesirable PP–TG response induces an overall reduction in RCT efficacy that contributes to the onset elevation of both fasting and nonfasting TG levels and to the development of cardiometabolic diseases.</jats:p
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