Evaluating the Efficiency of Nigerian Local Bentonite as an Extender in Oil Well Cementation

Nigerian local Bentonite has been in use as an extender in cementing operations since 2003 but has not been widely accepted because of some of its effects and challenges on most of the cement properties. This study is on the experimental and economic evaluation of the effect of Nigerian local bentonite obtained from Awkuzu in Anambra state and the imported bentonite on fresh and salt water cement slurry. The experimental test were basically on the thickening time and the ultrasonic compressive strength.  Both local and foreign  bentonites proved effective in fresh  water  cement slurries and can  be used interchangeably except in cases where higher Plastic Viscosity (PV) and Yield Point (YP) are required .The foreign bentonite proved more effective under this high rheological properties for the same concentration with the local bentonite . In the  salt water cement slurries both local and foreign bentonite were not fully effective, but the local bentonite responded better in the case study  design in terms of  rheology and free fluid tests.  For the  economic  evaluation, a case study of a project involving the 13 3/8 inch  casing cementing operation was  simulated  using fresh water cement slurry. The foreign bentonite contributed 21% to the overall cement slurry cost while local bentonite contributed  2%.leading to  a total savings of $7,509.85. Therefore , local bentonite could be a more efficient and cost effective means of cement slurry extender if properly managed and evaluated

Primary stroke prevention worldwide : translating evidence into action

Funding Information: The stroke services survey reported in this publication was partly supported by World Stroke Organization and Auckland University of Technology. VLF was partly supported by the grants received from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. MOO was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (SIREN U54 HG007479) under the H3Africa initiative and SIBS Genomics (R01NS107900, R01NS107900-02S1, R01NS115944-01, 3U24HG009780-03S5, and 1R01NS114045-01), Sub-Saharan Africa Conference on Stroke Conference (1R13NS115395-01A1), and Training Africans to Lead and Execute Neurological Trials & Studies (D43TW012030). AGT was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. SLG was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship and an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council synergy grant. We thank Anita Arsovska (University Clinic of Neurology, Skopje, North Macedonia), Manoj Bohara (HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal), Denis ?erimagi? (Poliklinika Glavi?, Dubrovnik, Croatia), Manuel Correia (Hospital de Santo Ant?nio, Porto, Portugal), Daissy Liliana Mora Cuervo (Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil), Anna Cz?onkowska (Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland), Gloria Ekeng (Stroke Care International, Dartford, UK), Jo?o Sargento-Freitas (Centro Hospitalar e Universit?rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal), Yuriy Flomin (MC Universal Clinic Oberig, Kyiv, Ukraine), Mehari Gebreyohanns (UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA), Ivete Pillo Gon?alves (Hospital S?o Jos? do Avai, Itaperuna, Brazil), Claiborne Johnston (Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA), Kristaps Jurj?ns (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Rizwan Kalani (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA), Grzegorz Kozera (Medical University of Gda?sk, Gda?sk, Poland), Kursad Kutluk (Dokuz Eylul University, ?zmir, Turkey), Branko Malojcic (University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia), Micha? Maluchnik (Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland), Evija Migl?ne (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Cassandra Ocampo (University of Botswana, Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana), Louise Shaw (Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK), Lekhjung Thapa (Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal), Bogdan Wojtyniak (National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland), Jie Yang (First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China), and Tomasz Zdrojewski (Medical University of Gda?sk, Gda?sk, Poland) for their comments on early draft of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views, decisions, or policies of the institution with which they are affiliated. We thank WSO for funding. The funder had no role in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the study results, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the study results for publication. Funding Information: The stroke services survey reported in this publication was partly supported by World Stroke Organization and Auckland University of Technology. VLF was partly supported by the grants received from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. MOO was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (SIREN U54 HG007479) under the H3Africa initiative and SIBS Genomics (R01NS107900, R01NS107900-02S1, R01NS115944-01, 3U24HG009780-03S5, and 1R01NS114045-01), Sub-Saharan Africa Conference on Stroke Conference (1R13NS115395-01A1), and Training Africans to Lead and Execute Neurological Trials & Studies (D43TW012030). AGT was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. SLG was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship and an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council synergy grant. We thank Anita Arsovska (University Clinic of Neurology, Skopje, North Macedonia), Manoj Bohara (HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal), Denis Čerimagić (Poliklinika Glavić, Dubrovnik, Croatia), Manuel Correia (Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal), Daissy Liliana Mora Cuervo (Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil), Anna Członkowska (Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland), Gloria Ekeng (Stroke Care International, Dartford, UK), João Sargento-Freitas (Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal), Yuriy Flomin (MC Universal Clinic Oberig, Kyiv, Ukraine), Mehari Gebreyohanns (UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA), Ivete Pillo Gonçalves (Hospital São José do Avai, Itaperuna, Brazil), Claiborne Johnston (Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA), Kristaps Jurjāns (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Rizwan Kalani (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA), Grzegorz Kozera (Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland), Kursad Kutluk (Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey), Branko Malojcic (University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia), Michał Maluchnik (Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland), Evija Miglāne (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Cassandra Ocampo (University of Botswana, Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana), Louise Shaw (Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK), Lekhjung Thapa (Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal), Bogdan Wojtyniak (National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland), Jie Yang (First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China), and Tomasz Zdrojewski (Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) for their comments on early draft of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views, decisions, or policies of the institution with which they are affiliated. We thank WSO for funding. The funder had no role in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the study results, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the study results for publication. Funding Information: VLF declares that the PreventS web app and Stroke Riskometer app are owned and copyrighted by Auckland University of Technology; has received grants from the Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence (16/STH/36), Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; APP1182071), and World Stroke Organization (WSO); is an executive committee member of WSO, honorary medical director of Stroke Central New Zealand, and CEO of New Zealand Stroke Education charitable Trust. AGT declares funding from NHMRC (GNT1042600, GNT1122455, GNT1171966, GNT1143155, and GNT1182017), Stroke Foundation Australia (SG1807), and Heart Foundation Australia (VG102282); and board membership of the Stroke Foundation (Australia). SLG is funded by the National Health Foundation of Australia (Future Leader Fellowship 102061) and NHMRC (GNT1182071, GNT1143155, and GNT1128373). RM is supported by the Implementation Research Network in Stroke Care Quality of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (project CA18118) and by the IRIS-TEPUS project from the inter-excellence inter-cost programme of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTC20051). BN declares receiving fees for data management committee work for SOCRATES and THALES trials for AstraZeneca and fees for data management committee work for NAVIGATE-ESUS trial from Bayer. All other authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseStroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide and its burden is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, many of which are unable to face the challenges it imposes. In this Health Policy paper on primary stroke prevention, we provide an overview of the current situation regarding primary prevention services, estimate the cost of stroke and stroke prevention, and identify deficiencies in existing guidelines and gaps in primary prevention. We also offer a set of pragmatic solutions for implementation of primary stroke prevention, with an emphasis on the role of governments and population-wide strategies, including task-shifting and sharing and health system re-engineering. Implementation of primary stroke prevention involves patients, health professionals, funders, policy makers, implementation partners, and the entire population along the life course.publishersversionPeer reviewe

ASSESSMENT OF SEED YIELD AND YIELD RELATED CHARACTERS AMONG 22 NIGERIAN CULTIVATED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGY, ABUJA, OVER TWO CROPPING YEARS

Twenty-two rice varieties were evaluated in a field trial under rain-fed conditions at the National Agricultural Seeds Council, Sheda, Abuja (Latitudes 8°53'7'' – 8 o 45’3N and Longitudes 7°3'56'' – 7 o 3.01’E) in 2017 and 2018 cropping years to provide a comparative measure for seed yield and yield related components of cultivated rice varieties in guinea savannah agro-ecology of Nigeria. The experimental field was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design in three replicates. Seeds of the 22 varieties were assessed for seedling emergence, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of panicles/plant, seed yield/plot, seed yield/ha, 100 seed weight and seed weight/ plant. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated using Tukey’s HSD at 5% probability level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and principal component analyses were also used. Higher panicle length, number of panicles/plot, seed weight/plant and 100-seed weight were observed in year 2017 compared to 2018. FARO 48, FARO 59, FARO 58 and PAC 832 had highest seed yield (10.19 - 11.09 tha-1 ) while FARO 62, FARO 22 and FARO 21 performed poorly. Plant height, number of panicles/plant, panicle height, seed yield/plant mainly contributed to the variation within the rice varieties. Seed germination was positively related to other seed quality attributes (r=0.36 – 0.84**). The study concluded that FARO 48, FARO 59, FARO 58, PAC 832, FARO 44 and FARO 45 with highest seed yield components are recommended for cultivation and could be used for future yield improvement

Aetiological Patterns of Major Limb Amputations and Their Complications in Zaria, Nigeria

Background: Amputation is an unwanted but necessary ablative surgical procedure that is usually carried out as a last resort in an individual whose life is endangered by a disease condition. It is an ancient procedure that dates back to over 2500years during the time of Hippocrates. In the earlydays, the procedure was carried out crudely by removing a limb rapidly from the patient without anaesthesia.Haemostasis was only achieved by dipping the stump in boiling oil or crushing. Surgical amputation has very devastating psychological, social as well as economic effects on the patient and the family. It also has a downturn play on the economy of the society as most of the victims are the young and middle aged individuals who constitute the major work force in the community.Materials and Methods: Case records of all patients at Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital who had amputation were retrospectively reviewed over five years. The period studied was between 2009 and 2013. The demographic data of the patients, the etiological factorsleading to the amputation, degree of tissue damage, level of amputation, the length of amputation stump and complications were studied. These complications include infection, flap necrosis, wound dehiscence and anemia.Patients included in the study were those that had majorlimb amputation and have traceable records and had a minimum follow up of one year.Results: One hundred and nineteen patients had major limb amputation. Eighty-one of them (68%) were males and 38 (31.9%), females with M:F = 2.1:1. Mean age of the patients was 35.99( 21.8) years. Seventy-nine (66.4%) of the patients were below the age of 40years and 40 (38.6%), above40years of age. The commonest indication for amputation was post traditional Bonesetter gangrene of the limb (31.1%) followed by Diabetic foot gangrene (24.4%) and crush injury (11.8%). There were more lower limb amputations (81.7%)than upper limb amputations (18.3%). Postoperative stump wound infection was the commonest complication (26.1% of total and 44.9% of all complications) followed by anemia. There were 3(2.5%) records of mortuary.Conclusion: Traditional bone setters' (TBS) gangrene and Diabetic foot gangrene were the commonest indications for major limb amputations in our center. Most of the amputations could have been most likely avoided if the patients with trauma presented to the hospital directly wheresalvage measures would have been implemented, and diabetic foot gangrene would be prevented by close observation and institution of preventive measures. Adequate attention paid to predisposing factors will go a long way to reduce the indications for as well as the complicationsof amputation

Management of civilian gunshot injuries to the extremities in Nigeria-an overview

There is an increasing incidence of missile injury attributable to improved technology, and increased crime and conflict rates in both developing and developed nations of the world. We undertook a review of civilian gunshot injuries to the extremities in Nigeria. The pathology of these injuries aswell as their implications for management are presented. The peculiar challenges they present to the orthopaedic surgeons in the management of gunshot injuries in a resource depleted country are highlighted. Community based socially and culturally acceptable conflict resolution mechanisms,control of fire arms and revision of the treatment guidelines are recommended as preventive and management strategies of gunshot injuries in Nigeria

Use of non-vascularized autologous fibula strut graft in the treatment of segmental bone loss

Background : Fractures resulting in segmental bone loss challenge the orthopedic surgeon. Orthopedic surgeons in developed countries have the option of choosing vascularized bone transfers, bone transport, allogenic bone grafts, bone graft substitutes and several other means to treat such conditions. In developing countries where such facilities or expertise may not be readily available, the surgeon has to rely on other techniques of treatment. Non-vascularized fibula strut graft and cancellous bone grafting provides a reliable means of treating such conditions in developing countries. Materials and Methods : Over a period of six years all patients with segmental bone loss either from trauma or oncologic resection were included in the study. Data concerning the type of wound, size of gap and skin loss at tumor or fracture were obtained from clinical examination and radiographs. Result : Ten patients satisfied the inclusion criteria for the study. The average length of the fibula strut is 7 cm, the longest being 15 cm and the shortest 3 cm long. The average defect length was 6.5 cm. Five patients had Gustillo III B open tibial fractures. One patient had recurrent giant cell tumor of the distal radius and another had a polyostotic bone cyst of the femur, which was later confirmed to be osteosarcoma. Another had non-union of distal tibial fracture with shortening. One other patient had gunshot injury to the femur and was initially managed by skeletal traction. The tenth patient had a comminuted femoral fracture. All trauma patients had measurement of missing segment, tissue envelope assessment, neurological examination, and debridement under general anesthesia with fracture stabilization with external fixators or casts. Graft incorporation was 80% in all treated patients. Conclusion : Autologous free, non-vascularized fibula and cancellous graft is a useful addition to the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeon in developing countries attempting to manage segmental bone loss, whether created by trauma or excision of tumors

Use of non-vascularized autologous fibula strut graft in the treatment of segmental bone loss

Background : Fractures resulting in segmental bone loss challenge the orthopedic surgeon. Orthopedic surgeons in developed countries have the option of choosing vascularized bone transfers, bone transport, allogenic bone grafts, bone graft substitutes and several other means to treat such conditions. In developing countries where such facilities or expertise may not be readily available, the surgeon has to rely on other techniques of treatment. Non-vascularized fibula strut graft and cancellous bone grafting provides a reliable means of treating such conditions in developing countries. Materials and Methods : Over a period of six years all patients with segmental bone loss either from trauma or oncologic resection were included in the study. Data concerning the type of wound, size of gap and skin loss at tumor or fracture were obtained from clinical examination and radiographs. Result : Ten patients satisfied the inclusion criteria for the study. The average length of the fibula strut is 7 cm, the longest being 15 cm and the shortest 3 cm long. The average defect length was 6.5 cm. Five patients had Gustillo III B open tibial fractures. One patient had recurrent giant cell tumor of the distal radius and another had a polyostotic bone cyst of the femur, which was later confirmed to be osteosarcoma. Another had non-union of distal tibial fracture with shortening. One other patient had gunshot injury to the femur and was initially managed by skeletal traction. The tenth patient had a comminuted femoral fracture. All trauma patients had measurement of missing segment, tissue envelope assessment, neurological examination, and debridement under general anesthesia with fracture stabilization with external fixators or casts. Graft incorporation was 80% in all treated patients. Conclusion : Autologous free, non-vascularized fibula and cancellous graft is a useful addition to the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeon in developing countries attempting to manage segmental bone loss, whether created by trauma or excision of tumors

Primary Total Knee Replacement in a Patient with failed High Tibial Corrective Osteotomy: A Case Report

Background: Cases of elderly patients presenting with nonunion following high tibial osteotomy for genu vaum are now very rare. This is because corrective osteotomy around the knee in middle age and elderly has lost its importance over the years due to successes of total knee replacement.For the very few that present, several options of treatment, such as revision plating, intramedullary nailing or illizarov compression osteosynthesis exist. These are however not without limitations such as the need for prolong immobilization, development of joint stiffness, soft tissue contractures, recurrent nonunion and subsequent worsening of osteoarthritis of the adjacent joint (knee). We report primary total knee arthroplasty in a patient presenting with nonunion following failed high tibial osteotomy, using diaphyseal engaging stem (DES) in form of tibia extension rod. To the best of our knowledge we have not come across similar report in the country.Method: K.S is sixty two year old woman who presented with inability to walk. Prior to her presentation, she underwent high tibial corrective osteotomy for medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the right knee 3 years ago. She developed nonunion necessitating revision surgery (replating) a year and 7 month after first operation (2016), which resulted in nonunion again. Diagnosis of Post Osteotomy High Tibial Nonunion with bone loss was made. She was optimized and underwent total knee replacement with tibia extension rod.Result: She was able to mobilize on the 7th day post operative with the aid of walking frame and was discharged on the 14th day. At 11 month follow up, she mobilises comfortably and pain-free without aid with radiological union at fracture site.Conclusion: Semi constrained Total Knee Replacement with extension rod may be an option for treating failed high tibial corrective osteotomy coexisting with moderate to severe ipsilateral knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Total Knee Arthroplasty, Tibial Extension Rod, Failed High Tibial Osteotomy