Skull metric dataset from LaPoint et al. RSOpenScience 2017 Growth overshoot and seasonal size changes in the skulls of two weasel species

This .csv contains the individuals used within our analyses and 18 attributes that were recorded or measured by the lead author. These attributes are listed below with definitions: species (2 levels: Mustela erminea, Mustela nivalis), institution (14 levels: BRUS Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle Brussels, CUMV Cornell University, HELS Finnish Museum of Natural History Helsinki , MFN Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, MNHG Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle Geneva, MRI Mammal Research Institute Białowieża , MSU Michigan State University Museum, MVZ Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Berkeley, NCMNS North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh, NCSU North Carolina State University, NYSM New York State Museum Albany, ROM Royal Ontario Museum Toronto, UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, USNM National Museum of Natural History Washington), catalog (unique values, for referencing to actual specimens in natural history collections, but not used for analyses), age (3 levels: A, adult, J, juvenile, S, subadult, see methods for definitions), condylobasal length (numeric, measured in mm), height of braincase with auditory bullae (numeric, measured in mm), braincase depth (numeric, measured in mm, excludes auditory bullae), braincase width (numeric, measured in mm), B2CBL (numeric, relative value of braincase depth to condylobasal length), MDY (date, month/day/year), doy (numeric, day of year), sex (2 levels: F, female, M, male), country (24 levels, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States), state (119 levels, state/region/province), location (549 levels, town/village when provided, otherwise see methods), origin (8 levels, broad geographic regions that were created to bin specimens into spatially similar regions, see Methods for details, all origins were included in analyses that present 'global' results), latitude (decimal degrees, WGS84), longitude (decimal degrees, WGS84)

Table S3. from Growth overshoot and seasonal size changes in the skulls of two weasel species

We bootstrapped t-tests (5000 iterations, with replacement) between age categories for each sex and species combination to produce a normally distributed random sample from the observed non-normally distributed measurement data and compared the likelihood (p-value) of calculating the number of possible t-values (i.e., tb; mean t-value from bootstrapped simulations) that was greater than or equal to the observed absolute t-value (i.e., to). Significant p-values (<0.05) indicate “true” differences in observed means that are not artifacts of the observed data distribution. These bootstrapped t-tests suggest braincase depth growth overshoots across sexes and species in juveniles, as these braincases are significantly taller than all other age categories, yet similar to or significantly shorter in CBL to all other age categories (see metric means in Table 1). The results presented here suggest these significant differences persist despite the non-normal distribution of the data. Bold to values indicate significant differences between groups via t-tests on observed data directly