Evaluation of cefepime kinetic variables and milk production volume in goats

The objective of the present work was to investigate the correlation between the kinetic variables, and the volume of milk production, with and without a local inflammatory reaction induced by subcutaneous implants of a device for collecting tissue fluid.\n\n(Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)</i

Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime administered to lactating and non-lactating goats

The aim of this work was to determine the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) ceftazidime administered to lactating (LTG; n = 6) and non-lactating (NLTG; n=6) healthy Creole goats in 2 trials (T1 and T2). During T1 and T2, goats randomly received a single dose of im or iv ceftazidime (10 mg/kg). Serum concentration of iv ceftazidime in NLTG and LTG goats is best described by 2 and 3 compartment models, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of iv and im ceftazidime administered to LTGandNLTGshowed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the constants (äz, T1 vs T2 [iv] 0.5±0.1 vs 0.3±0.1 /h; T1 vs T2 [im] 0.5±0.2 vs 0.3±0.1 /h) and in the mean times (t1/2, T 1 vs T 2 [iv] 1.6±0.3 vs 2.3±0.6 h; T 1 vs T 2 [im] 1.6±0.7 vs 2.6±0.9 h) of elimination. The bioavailability of ceftazidime in LTG and NLTG was 113.0 ± 17.8 and 96.0 ± 18.0 %, respectively. Ceftazidime concentration in milk at 2 h was: iv = 1.9 ± 0.2 and im = 2.4 ± 0.5 μg/m; the penetration in milk was iv = 18.3 ± 13.5 and im = 14.3 ± 10.6 %. Ninety-six hours after iv and im administration, residues of the drug were not found in milk. In conclusion, ceftazidime, when administered to goats, showed high concentration times in serum, good penetration into milk and a bioavailability that makes it suitable to be used by the im route.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e produtividade de coelhos alimentados com dietas normoproteica e hipoproteica

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un modelo experimental con la finalidad de evaluar la bioquímica sanguínea, hematología e índices de productividad de conejos alimentados con dietas normo e hipoproteica. Los conejos (n= 24), con distintos grados de cruzamiento entre raza Californiana y Neocelandesa, destetados, edades (rango) de 30-34 días, pesos corporales (rango) de 730-770 g fueron separados aleatoriamente en dos grupos (NP y HP). El grupo NP fue alimentado con balanceado comercial (17% PB) y el HP con un alimento formulado con cereales y algunos de sus subproductos, de manera que su porcentaje de proteína bruta (PB) fuera de 12,2%. A los animales se los pesó semanalmente, se estimó el consumo semanal de alimento y se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas cada 14 días durante 8 semanas. Los índices productivos (crecimiento, rendimiento, conformación, despiece de la canal) fueron diferentes entre los animales de las dieta NP vs. HP (p < 0.05). El contenido de urea en plasma fue el parámetro bioquímico que permitió relacionar la alimentación normo e hipoproteica y la producción. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el nivel de proteínas en la dieta de conejos produce modificaciones en sus índices de productividad.The objective of this work was to study growth, yield, conformation, carcass cutting and representative biochemical and hematological parameters of protein metabolism in an experimental model in rabbits fed on low-protein and normal protein diets. Rabbits (n= 24), with varying degrees of cross between California and New Zealand breeds, weaned at 30-34 days (range), with 730-770 g body weight (range) were randomly separated into two groups (NP and HP). HPs were fed on a diet of grain and some of their by-products so that their percentage of crude protein (CP) was 12.2%. NPs were fed commercial feed (17% CP). The animals were weighed weekly, weekly food consumption was estimated, and blood samples were collected every 14 days until the end of the trials (8 weeks). Productive parameters (growth, yield, conformation, cutting of the carcass) were significantly different between NP vs HP animals (p &lt; 0.05). Urea content in plasma was the biochemical parameter that made it possible to relate hypoproteic and normal diet and production. The results confirm that the level of protein in rabbit diet causes changes in their productivity.Facultad de Ciencias MédicasFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Avaliação das variáveis cinéticas de cefepime e da produção de leite em cabras

The objective of the present work was to investigate the correlation between the kinetic variables, and the volume of milk production, with and without a local inflammatory reaction induced by subcutaneous implants of a device for collecting tissue fluid. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Effects of Hull Inclusión in Diets for Rabbits

Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Effects of Hull Inclusión in Diets for Rabbits

Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Randomised sanitary status of argentinean rabbitry

A short description of sanitary problems among argentinean rabbit farms (25 familiar and 41 commercial units), is presented. This randomized survey was compiled with information provided over the last 5 years by diverse diagnostic laboratories, centres and private farmers engaged in this activity. Toe pathological findings in the 426 autopsied animals, are similar to those described in the literature. Classical digestive and respiratory infections accounted for the most important causes of death: 43,2 and 25,8 %, respectively.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Cabras criollas: producción de leche, ganancia de peso de los cabritos y efectos de la restricción nutricional en el tercio final de la gestación

This study was carried out in La Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The objectives were to determine the milk production from Creole goats and their influence on growth rate of the kids, and the effect of restrictive food intake on milk production and on breed weight .Milk production and breed weight were assessed between two female groups with different food intake over 60 final gestation days. From milk production, fat, protein, fat matter percentage and protein percentage over 30 first lactation days, only milk production and total protein determined a significant increase on kids weight gain. There was not milk production significant difference between restrictive and non restrictive food intake female groups. Furthermore, there was not difference on number in kids weights. Thus restrictive food intake over 60 final gestation days appears to have some role in higher total milk production per unit food. This higher production could be related with a better recourse use efficiency because less food investment lead to higher economic benefits.La experiencia se realizó en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se trabajó con un sistema intensivo de alimentación, y se establecieron los siguientes objetivos: a) Conocer la producción de leche de las cabras criollas y su incidencia sobre la ganancia de peso de los cabritos; b) Estudiar, en cabras de la raza criolla, el efecto de una restricción alimenticia sobre la producción láctea y el peso de las crías. Se evaluaron la producción de leche y la respuesta productiva de las madres a dos tipos de dietas brindadas durante los últimos 60 días de gestación. De la evaluación de la producción de leche, grasa, proteína, porcentaje de materia grasa y porcentaje de proteína, durante los 30 primeros días de lactancia, se observó que el volumen de leche y la producción de proteína total, tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la ganancia de peso de los cabritos a los 30 días. Las cabras restringidas en el último tercio de la gestación no manifestaron diferencias significativas en su producción láctea, respecto a las no restringidas. Además, en el lote de cabras restringidas el número y pesos de los cabritos no manifestaron diferencias. Por ello, podría pensarse que la restricción nutricional durante el tercio final de la gestación, estaría relacionada a una mayor producción de leche por unidad de alimento. Esta mayor producción permitiría una mejor eficiencia en el uso de los recursos, ya que al disminuir los gastos en alimentos se lograría un mayor beneficio económico

Creole goats: reproductive and productive start to La Plata zone

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la incidencia de la edad y peso al primer servicio de cabrillas criollas de reposición sobre la productividad al primero y al segundo parto. Se registró: peso al nacimiento de las cabrillas, edad, peso y época del primer servicio, peso preparto, postparto, peso vivo parido, relación porcentual entre el peso de las crías al nacimiento y el peso postparto de la madre, prolificidad, peso de las crías y producción de leche a los 30 días, e intervalo entre partos. Las cabrillas que tomaron servicio antes del año de vida (L1) resultaron significativamente más pesadas al nacimiento. El peso al primer servicio y la prolificidad de las hembras que tomaron servicio con una edad superior al año de vida (L2) fueron significativamente superiores. Las épocas de servicio variaron de la primera a la segunda preñez, no registrándose servicios primaverales en cabrillas de primera parición. Para el nivel productivo de la cabra criolla, una utilización precoz de las hembras de reposición no afectaría la productividad al segundo parto. Resulta recomendable utilizar los animales nacidos en primavera con mayor peso para su inicio reproductivo en el otoño siguiente.The influence of age and weight of creole goats in their first and second parturition productivity was studied. Weight at birth, age, weight and month of their first service, prolificity, pre and post-partum weight, breeding weight and milk production were determined in both parturitions. Goats were grouped according their age at first parturition: L1, less than 12 months; L2, more than 12 months. L1 females were heavier at birth than L2. Birht weight and prolificity showed significant higher values in L2 female. Other variables had no diference among groups. Services distribution were significant different between first and second pregnancy. There were no spring season service for little goats. Early services in little goats had no effect on their productivity. We suggest to use little goats born in spring with higher weight, next autumn.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Incidence of corn on the proportion of in situ degradability of alfalfa hay in diets for goats

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la incidencia de la proporción de maíz molido, sobre el pH ruminal, la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (MS) y de las fracciones de la pared celular del heno de alfalfa. Se utilizaron cabras cruzas criolla con Anglo Nubian fistuladas(n=8). El diseñó consistió en un cuadrado latino (4x4) replicado. Las dietas fueron heno de alfalfa 100% (D0); heno de alfalfa y maíz molido 70/30 (D1); 50/50 (D2); 40/60 (D3). El consumo de MS se ajustó al 3% del peso vivo. Se determinó el pH ruminal y la degradabilidad in situ de la MS, de la fracción fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y fibra detergente ácido (FDA) del heno de alfalfa a las 24 y 48 h. Las áreas bajo las curvas de pH aumentaron linealmente con la concentración de maíz molido en la dieta (p0,05). El aumento de maíz molido provocó una disminución lineal de la FDN y FDA a las 48 h (p0,05). La utilización del almidón aportado por el maíz molido como fuente energética, produjo disminución del pH ruminal y menor utilización de la FDN y FDA.The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of ground corn in a based alfalfa diet on ruminal pH, in situ dry matter (DM) and forage’s cell wall components degradability. Eight fistulated crosses (Nubian x Creole) goats were used. Four diets were provided: 100% alfalfa (D0); alfalfa and ground corn 70/30 (D1); alfalfa and ground corn 50/50 (D2); alfalfa and ground corn 40/60 (D3). The total dry matter intake was adjusted to 3% of body weight. Ruminal pH was measured. Considering a threshold pH = 6, the areas under the curve were calculated. In situ degradability was calculated after 24 and 48 h. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined. The areas under the curves of pH, increased linearly with the concentration of ground corn in the diet (p<0.05). D2 and D3 differ from D0 (p<0.05). The forage DM in-situ degradability increased linearly (p<0.05) with the concentration of ground corn at 24 h of incubation. The NDF and ADF degradability at 48 h, decreased linearly (p <0.05) with increasing ground corn. D2 and D3 differ from D0 (p<0.05). D1 and D2 differ (p <0.05). There was no difference in the NDF and ADF at 24 h of incubation.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale