Rôle des mitochondries dans l'hépatotoxicité induite par le tamoxifène

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Altérations du génome mitochondrial et des fonctions mitochondriales induites par l'alcool et le tamoxifène

De nombreux xénobiotiques induisent des altérations des fonctions mitochondriales et de l ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt), participant ainsi au développement des maladies hépatiques. L'objectif de ce travail est d étudier les effets du tamoxifène et de l alcool sur les mitochondries hépatiques ainsi que l effet modulateur d une surexpression de la superoxyde dismutase à manganèse (MnSOD) sur la toxicité mitochondriale de l alcool : - Le tamoxifène s accumule dans les mitochondries, inhibe les topoisomérases et altère la réplication de l ADNmt. La déplétion progressive de l ADNmt qui s en suit est associée à une diminution de la respiration mitochondriale, à une inhibition de la b-oxydation et à la stéatose hépatique. - Les souris surexprimant la MnSOD sont plus sensibles aux altérations des fonctions mitochondriales et de l ADNmt induites par l alcool, probablement en raison des fortes concentrations d H202, du radical hydroxyle et des produits de la peroxydation lipidique. Ces travaux ont mis en évidence les altérations mitochondriales provoquées par le tamoxifène ainsi que le rôle délétère d une surexpression de la MnSOD lors d une alcoolisation chronique.Mitochondrial impairment and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions contribute to xenobiotic-induced liver lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of tamoxifen and alcohol on hepatic mitochondria and to assess the modulating role of manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression (MnSOD) on ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage. We showed that tamoxifen accumulates inside mitochondria, inhibits topoisomérases and alters mtDNA replication leading to a progressive depletion of mtDNA. This decrease in mtDNA levels was associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and b-oxidation of fatty acids and the development of hepatic steatosis. In the second part, we showed that transgenic mice overexpressing MnSOD are more prone to alcohol-induced mitochondrial damage than wild type mice, probably because of enhanced formation of H202, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation products. Our results show the implications of mitochondrial lesions in tamoxifen-induced steatosis as well as the negative effect of MnSOD overexpression on mitochondrial functions during chronic alcohol consumption.PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion after an alcohol binge in mice: probable role of peroxynitrite and modulation by manganese superoxide dismutase.

International audienceAlcohol consumption increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which can damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and alter mitochondrial function. To test whether manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) modulates acute alcohol-induced mitochondrial alterations, transgenic MnSOD-overexpressing (MnSOD(+++)) mice, heterozygous knockout (MnSOD(+/-)) mice, and wild-type (WT) littermates were sacrificed 2 or 24 h after intragastric ethanol administration (5 g/kg). Alcohol administration further increased MnSOD activity in MnSOD(+++) mice, but further decreased it in MnSOD(+/-) mice. In WT mice, alcohol administration transiently increased mitochondrial ROS formation, decreased mitochondrial glutathione, depleted and damaged mtDNA, and decreased complex I and V activities; alcohol durably increased inducible nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression, plasma nitrites/nitrates, and the nitration of tyrosine residues in complex V proteins. These effects were prevented in MnSOD(+++) mice and prolonged in MnSOD(+/-) mice. In alcoholized WT or MnSOD(+/-) mice, mtDNA depletion and the nitration of tyrosine residues in complex I and V proteins were prevented or attenuated by cotreatment with tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), a superoxide scavenger; N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine (1,400W), two NOS inhibitors; or uric acid, a peroxynitrite scavenger. In conclusion, MnSOD overexpression prevents, and MnSOD deficiency prolongs, mtDNA depletion after an acute alcohol binge in mice. The protective effects of MnSOD, tempol, NOS inhibitors, and uric acid point out a role of the superoxide anion reacting with NO to form mtDNA-damaging peroxynitrite

MnSOD overexpression prevents liver mitochondrial DNA depletion after an alcohol binge but worsens this effect after prolonged alcohol consumption in mice.

International audienceBoth acute and chronic alcohol consumption increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation, whose products damage hepatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To test whether manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) overexpression modulates acute and chronic alcohol-induced mtDNA lesions, transgenic MnSOD-overexpressing (TgMnSOD(+++)) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were treated by alcohol, either chronically (7 weeks in drinking water) or acutely (single intragastric dose of 5 g/kg). Acute alcohol administration increased mitochondrial ROS formation, decreased mitochondrial glutathione, depleted and damaged mtDNA, durably increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, plasma nitrites/nitrates and the nitration of tyrosine residues in complex V proteins and decreased complex V activity in WT mice. These effects were prevented in TgMnSOD(+++) mice. In acutely alcoholized WT mice, mtDNA depletion was prevented by tempol, a superoxide scavenger, L-NAME and 1400W, two NOS inhibitors, or uric acid, a peroxynitrite scavenger. In contrast, chronic alcohol consumption decreased cytosolic glutathione and increased hepatic iron, lipid peroxidation products and respiratory complex I protein carbonyls only in ethanol-treated TgMnSOD(+++) mice but not in WT mice. In chronic ethanol-fed TgMnSOD(+++) mice, but not WT mice, mtDNA was damaged and depleted, and the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), prevented this effect. In conclusion, MnSOD overexpression prevents mtDNA depletion after an acute alcohol binge but aggravates this effect after prolonged alcohol consumption, which selectively triggers iron accumulation in TgMnSOD(+++) mice but not in WT mice. In the model of acute alcohol binge, the protective effects of MnSOD, tempol, NOS inhibitors and uric acid suggested a role of the superoxide anion reacting with NO to form mtDNA-damaging peroxynitrite. In the model of prolonged ethanol consumption, the protective effects of DFO suggested the role of iron reacting with hydrogen peroxide to form mtDNA-damaging hydroxyl radical

MnSOD Overexpression Prevents Liver Mitochondrial DNA Depletion after an Alcohol Binge but Worsens This Effect after Prolonged Alcohol Consumption in Mice

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