Deterioro cognitivo en la población mayor de 65 años que reside en el área metropolitana de Monterrey, México

Antecedentes: la prevalencia de demencia se ha investigado extensamente en el mundo con resultados dispares por aplicar distintos criterios diagnósticos y metodologías. Un parámetro inicial en demencia es el deterioro cognitivo, presente desde su fase preclínica, esto permite detectarlo con instrumentos como el Minimental State Examination de Folstein & Folstein (MSSE), que ha sido validado y se aplica en todo el mundo. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en población con 65 y más años que reside en el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, NL, México (AMM). Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal epidemiológico en población con 65 y más años que reside en el (AMM) en una muestra de 239 individuos. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos: Consentimiento informado, cuestionario demográfico, prueba MMSE cuya puntuación máxima es 30, sus puntos de corte son 24 para población con escolaridad primaria y más, 21 sin escolaridad y 17 para analfabetos. Se eligió por azar manzana, acera, vivienda e individuo y previo consentimiento informado se aplicaron los instrumentos. Resultados: la prevalencia encontrada fue 10.8787%, (IC 95% de 6.99-14.78). Las pruebas de hipótesis fueron significativas para el grupo de edad 80-84 años (p = 0.02), que también obtuvo un RR de 3.58 (IC 95% de 1.26-10.9). Conclusión: la prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo en el (AMM), no es diferente a la reportada por países latinos como Cuba, Argentina, es mayor a la de Corea, China y Egipto y menor que en EUA, España, Inglaterra y Gales. Por grupos de edad, de 80-84 años es estadísticamente significativo y con un alto riesgo

Primera cita de Leptodactylus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) en Bolivia y comentarios sobre especies próximas

The distributions of Leptodactylus ocellatus, L. chaquensis, and L. macrosternum in Bolivia are reviewed and discussed. Leptodactylus chaquensis and L. ocellatus are easily distinguished morphologically but L. chaquensis and L. macrosternum are indistinguishable. In Bolivia, L. ocellatus is known only from a single locality in the Paraguay River basin, which is reported here for the first time. Leptodactylus chaquensis occurs in the Chaco region of southeastern Bolivia, but it is unknown to what extent this species enters the Cerrado. The distribution boundaries and putative overlapping areas of L. chaquensis and L. macrosternum are unknown.Se revisa y discute la distribución de Leptodactylus ocellatus, L. chaquensis y L. macrosternum en Bolivia. Mientras que, morfológicamente, L. chaquensis y L. ocellatus se diferencian fácilmente, L. chaquensis y L. macrosternum son imposibles de distinguir. Leptodactylus ocellatus se encuentra en la parte boliviana de la cuenca del río Paraguay, aunque de momento se conoce solamente de una localidad, que se cita aquí por primera vez. Leptodactylus chaquensis habita en el Chaco, pero se deconoce hasta dónde penetra en el Cerrado. No se conocen los límites de las áreas de distribución y posibles zonas de solapamiento de L. chaquensis y L. macrosternum

Confluencias epistemológicas: teoría de la mediación social de Martín Serrano y pensamiento crítico transformador latinoamericano

Currently, the construction of the communication scientific field shows a set of processes which configure a gnoseologic, historical, cultural and social singular force. Among the main theoretical and methodological references in the Latin-American context are Manuel Martín Serrano's contributions. This article makes an epistemic exercise, matching the emphasized model with relevant theoretical productions in Latin America. It emphasizes the dimensions of theoretical research and methodological compositions elaborated in the transmethodological proposal, linking them to the sociocultural and media transformations occurred in Latin America during the last thirty years.La construcción del campo científico de la comunicación, en la contemporaneidad, muestra un conjunto de procesos configuradores de singular fuerza gnoseológica, histórica, cultural y social. Entre los principales referentes teórico metodológicos, de esa realidad, están las contribuciones de Manuel Martín Serra-no en el contexto Ibero-americano. Este artículo realiza un ejercicio epistémico, interrelacionando el modelo destacado con producciones teóricas relevantes en América Latina. Enfatiza las dimensiones de investigación teórica y estructuraciones metodológicas realizadas en la propuesta transmetodológica, vinculándolas a las transformaciones socioculturales, mediáticas, acaecidas en América Latina en los últimos treinta años

Birkhoff's theorem for stable torsion theories

We present a novel approach to establish the Birkhoff's theorem validity in the so-called quadratic Poincare Gauge theories of gravity. By obtaining the field equations via the Palatini formalism, we find paradigmatic scenarios where the theorem applies neatly. For more general and physically relevant situations, a suitable decomposition of the torsion tensor also allows us to establish the validity of the theorem. Our analysis shows rigorously how for all stable cases under consideration, the only solution of the vacuum field equations is a torsionless Schwarzschild spacetime, although it is possible to find non-Schwarzschild metrics in the realm of unstable Lagrangians. Finally, we study the weakened formulation of the Birkhoff's theorem where an asymptotically flat metric is assumed, showing that the theorem also holds

Previdência social e desigualdade racial no Brasil

We examine how Social Security affects the distribution of resources between racial groups in Brazil. To do this, we apply two methodological perspectives. Using a life-cycle perspective, we compare contributions and benefits accrued over the life cycle of representative individuals of each racial group. From a period or cross-sectional perspective, we compare social security transfers in a specific year. The goal is to measure how differences in age composition affect transfers between groups, each period. The results show that the social security perform three important roles that are inextricably linked: in the life cycle perspective, recourses are transferred from whites to blacks, buffering the effects of racial labor income differences during active years; in the cross-sectional perspective, social security transfers reduce income inequality and poverty among black and balance the participation of both racial groups in the social security budget, despite the larger proportion of young people among blacks.Social security, population aging, race disparities.

Actions Taken by Public Authorities for the Equality of Women: The First Years of the United Nations.

This article will analyze some of the legal and institutional measures taken by the UN to improve women's conditions from the time it was founded until 1985. The work done by the UN is divided into two periods. The first period includes the period when women's rights were legally defended. Over those years, the United Nation's activities in favor of women consisted of promulgating declarations and conventions that sanctioned gender inequality, considering it one of the manifestations of discrimination that went against the principles of equality and dignity on which the organization based its activities. The second period began with the turn seen in 1970 with the Program of Concerted International Action for the Advancement of Women and continued with the proclamation of the United Nations International Women's Year in 1975 and the United Nations Decade for Women (1975-1985). In this decade three Conferences followed one another, the one that took place in Mexico (1975), Copenhagen (1980) and, finally, the one of Nairobi (1985). Although the pro-equality work of the United Nations in those years was very fruitful and of undeniable value, those efforts were not accompanied by marketing work that would provide for greater influence on international public opinion.pre-print219 K

The Progress of the United Nations in Empowerment and Equality for Women

In this chapter, the authors examine the work done by the United Nations to improve the status of women from its origin until 1995, when the fourth and final United Nations World Conference on Women took place. The study shall be divided into three periods. The first spans the era of legal defence of women’s rights. The second period begins with the turn of events spurred by the Programme of Concerted International Action for the Advancement of Women in 1970 and continues with the proclamation of the United Nations’ International Women’s Year in 1975 and the United Nations Decade for the Advancement of Women (1975–1985). Over this 10-year period, three conferences were held: the one that took place in Mexico (1975), the one in Copenhagen (1980) and finally the one in Nairobi (1985). The third period takes a look at the Beijing Conference (1995) and the unprecedented advances it brought about in terms of equality. While the work done by the United Nations was undeniably valuable, as shown in this study, its efforts were not accompanied by marketing work that would have enabled it to make a greater impact on the international public opinion

Coaching in improving teacher.

Coaching offers teachers a new approach to deal with their teaching, focusing on the student and the skills to be developed rather than on the subject and content to be acquired. Provides resources and simple tools that allow application relationships in a different way with himself, with his pupils and their discipline. And it can provide a way to contribute, from the scope of each discipline, the development of the whole person.pre-print99 K