TEKNIK BUDIDAYA BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik budidaya lalat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Bukit, Desa Paya Bujok Seuleumak, Kecamatan Langsa Baro, Kota Langsa pada bulan April sampai Mei 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu teknik perangkap serangga yaitu sweep net. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media fermentasi bekatul dengan kombinasi sampah organik dapat dijadikan pakan yang cocok dalam budidaya lalat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Proses budidaya dapat dilakukan dengan pemancingan lalat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) menggunakan fermentasi bekatul dan sampah organik di alam. Fermentasi bekatul akan mengeluarkan bau khas yang memancing lalat black soldier fly untuk mendatangi tempat pemancingan.  Selanjutnya proses budidaya dapat dilakukan di tempat tertutup menggunakan kandang berukuran 2m x 1m x 2,5m

Microbial Status of Groundwater in and Around Cuddalore Town, Tamilnadu

Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. The groundwater is believed to be comparatively clean and free from pollution than surface water. But prolonged discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluents causes the groundwater to become polluted and create health problems. Coliforms might cause intestinal disorders of the inhabitants and pilgrims. Ground water samples from 15 locations have been collected from Cuddalore Town including SIPCOT industrial area. The present study deals with the analysis of total Coliform count by most probable number (MPN) method and to identify the presence of gram negative or gram positive organisms. The bacteriological quality of groundwater had crossed the upper limits prescribed by WHO. The results found that the water in all these places was found to be unfit for human consumption due to contamination. Pollution control measures and strict enforcement of its laws have been recommended

Incidence of cetonid beetles, Protaetia alboguttata (Vigors) on karonda, Carissa carandas

Severe infestation of cetonid beetles, Protaetia alboguttata (Vigors) has been noticed on karonda at the experimental station of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during the year 2013. The mean damage on the ripe fruits was found to be 22.40+2.50% with a range of 15.00 – 30.00%. Considering the polyphagy of cetoniids, these beetles can pose direct threat to the cultivation of karonda

Prevelence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in older adults in an area of India with a high cataract surgical rate.

BACKGROUND: The cataract surgical rate (CSR) in Gujarat, India is reported to be above 10,000 per million population. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and causes of vision impairment/blindness among older adults in a high CSR area. METHODS: Geographically defined cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting persons >or= 50 years of age in Navsari district. Subjects in 35 study clusters were enumerated and invited for measurement of presenting and best-corrected visual acuity and an ocular examination. The principal cause was identified for eyes with presenting visual acuity < 20/32. RESULTS: A total of 5158 eligible persons were enumerated and 4738 (91.9%) examined. Prevalence of presenting visual impairment < 20/63 to 20/200 in the better eye was 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.5-31.2) and 13.5% (95% CI: 12.0-14.9) with best correction. The prevalence of presenting bilateral blindness (< 20/200) was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.7-8.1), and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.7) with best correction. Presenting and best-corrected blindness were both associated with older age and illiteracy; gender and rural/urban residence were not significant. Cataract in one or both eyes was the main cause of bilateral blindness (82.6%), followed by retinal disorders (8.9%). Cataract (50.3%) and refractive error (35.4%) were the main causes in eyes with vision acuity < 20/63 to 20/200, and refractive error (86.6%) in eyes with acuity < 20/32 to 20/63. CONCLUSIONS: Visual impairment and blindness is a significant problem among the elderly in Gujarat. Despite a reportedly high CSR, cataract remains the predominant cause of blindness

Elimination of avoidable blindness due to cataract: where do we prioritize and how should we monitor this decade?

BACKGROUND: In the final push toward the elimination of avoidable blindness, cataract occupies a position of eminence for the success of the Right to Sight initiative. AIMS: Review existing situation and assess what monitoring indicators may be useful to chart progress towards attaining the goals of Vision 2020. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Review of published papers from low and middle income countries since 2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published population-based data on prevalence of cataract blindness/visual impairment were accessed and prevalence of cataract blindness/visual impairment computed, where not reported. Data on prevalence of cataract blindness, cataract surgical coverage at different visual acuity cut offs, surgical outcomes, and prevalence of cataract surgery were analyzed. Scatter plots were used to look at relationships of some variables, with Human Development Index (HDI) rank. Available data on Cataract Surgical Rate (CSR) was plotted against prevalence of cataract surgery reported from surveys. RESULTS: Worse HDI Ranks were associated with higher prevalence of cataract blindness. Most studies showed that a significant proportion of the blind were covered by surgery, while a fifth showed that a significant proportion, were operated before they went blind. A good visual outcome after surgery was positively correlated with higher surgical coverage. CSR was positively correlated with cataract surgical coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgical coverage is increasing in most countries at vision <3/60 and visual outcomes after cataract surgery are improving. Establishing population-based surveillance of cataract surgical need and performance is a strong monitoring tool and will help program planners immensely

Identification of Blood Types of Biology Education Students at Samudra University

There are differences on the surface of red blood cell membranes in the types of carbohydrates and proteins that make a person's blood unique, known as blood types. Blood grouping using the ABO system is determined by the absence of antigen A or antigen B in the blood. The presence of A antibodies or B antibodies in red blood cells and serum/plasma. This research was conducted at the Biology Education Research Program, FKIP, Samudra University. This research was conducted from 14 to 24 November 2023. This type of research was qualitative with the slide test method. The parameters observed were the types of blood groups in various samples of 30 students. The results of this study showed that there were more O+ blood types compared to the others, O+ got 46.6% while the others, such as blood type A, were only 16.6% of 30 samples, blood group B was only 33.3% of 30 samples and the last one was the highest. The small number, namely blood type AB+, only reached 3.33% of 30 samples

Bioremediation of Penicillin-Contaminated Poultry Faecal Waste using Betalactamase-Producing Bacteria

The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the contamination of the environment with antibiotic residues, posing significant risks to human health and contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we aimed to isolate betalactamase-producing bacteria from poultry faecal waste samples obtained from local poultry processing industries in Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. The potential isolates were further characterized for betalactamase enzyme activity and their ability to degrade penicillin, a commonly used antibiotic in the poultry industry. Twenty poultry faecal waste samples were collected from regular poultry waste dumping sites. Microorganisms were isolated from these samples using the serial dilution and plating method on nutrient agar media. The isolated bacterial colonies were purified to obtain pure cultures for further analysis. The betalactamase-producing isolates were identified using the iodometric tube method, and four out of ten isolates showed positive results for betalactamase activity. These positive isolates were subjected to enzyme assay, and isolate 10 exhibited the highest enzyme activity with a concentration of 43U/ml, followed by isolate 7 with 30.5U/ml of enzyme. The potential betalactamase-producing isolate 10 was selected for its application in the degradation of penicillin in poultry faecal waste. The faecal waste samples were collected from the antibiotic-contaminated area of a poultry farm. After the addition of separated crude enzyme (5ml of 100U), the faecal sample was incubated for 15 days under specific conditions. HPLC analysis revealed a significant degradation of penicillin in the test sample treated with the betalactamase enzyme, with a degradation percentage of 48.6%. The results of this study indicate that betalactamase-producing bacteria can effectively degrade penicillin in poultry faecal waste. This bioremediation approach presents a potential solution to reduce antibiotic pollution in the environment and mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance. Further research and application of such enzymatic degradation methods could contribute to sustainable and eco-friendly waste management practices in the poultry industry

Keanekaragaman Mollusca Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air di Kuala Langsa, Aceh

Mollusca merupakan organisme hidup yang perseptif terhadap perubahan kualitas air dihabitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait keanekaragaman mollusca sebagai indikator kualitas air di desa Kuala Langsa. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan penentuan lokasi&nbsp; menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel Mollusca dilakukan dengan cara hand collecting. Jumlah total dari individu mollusca yang terletak pada setiap stasiun di kawasan Kuala Langsa adalah 811. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H') mollusca di kawasan Kuala Langsa berkisaran 1.01–1.61. Dari hasil penelitian Kisaran suhu pada setiap titik pengamatan yaitu 30°C. Salinitas perairan pada setiap stasiun yaitu berkisaran 23–25‰. Nilai derajat keasaman (pH) pada setiap stasiun di lokasi penelitian yaitu berkisaran 7.8–8.5. Substrat pada stasiun 1 yaitu pasir berlumpur, pada stasiun 2 yaitu lumpur berpasir dan pada stasiun 3 yaitu lumpur. Kualitas perairan di kawasan Kuala Langsa berada dalam kondisi tercemar sedang. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah individu hampir konstan dan terdapat beberapa jenis&nbsp; yang dominan