The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Nutrient Intake and Body Composition in CrossFit Athletes: a Cross-sectional Study

Background: Nutritional composition of the athletes’ diet in relation to their training routine and body composition is critical in maintaining high performance levels during competitions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the body composition and nutrient intake of CrossFit® athletes. Methods: Twenty-five Brazilian CrossFit® athletes (18–50 years old) were evaluated in this study. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. A portable ultrasound was used to assess body composition. Resting energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. To describe the nutrient intake, 175 diets prepared by nutritionists were analyzed (mean diets per athlete = 7). To verify adherence, three non-consecutive self-reported 24-hour dietary recall surveys per diet were analyzed, totaling 525 days of food consumption record, and the mean of these 24-hour dietary recalls was used in this study. Results: The mean age was 32.0 ± 8.9 years, with no differences between men and women (P=0.208). The mean BMI was 26.4 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Energy intake was 2,904.0 ± 697.3 kcal/day. Protein and carbohydrate intake was 2.3 ± 0.4 and 4.5 ± 2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. Regarding carbohydrate consumption, 44% of CrossFit® athletes consumed less than the recommended amount (5–12 g/kg/day). In addition, most athletes (50%) had insufficient intake of potassium, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A, D, B9, and B12. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CrossFit® athletes presented an insufficient intake of some vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates

Paleoenvironmental redox evolution of Ediacaran-Cambrian restricted seas in the core of West Gondwana: Insights from trace-metal geochemistry and stratigraphy of the Bambuí Group, east Brazil

The sedimentary evolution of the Bambuí foreland basin system in the interior of West Gondwana is marked by periods of connection and isolation from the global ocean during the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic. To understand the link between these periods and seawater redox conditions, we present an integrated study of trace-metal geochemistry and stratigraphy of the carbonate-siliciclastic rocks from the two lowermost second order transgressive-regressive sequences of the Bambuí Group, east Brazil. The basal 2nd-order sequence trace-metal pattern shows a progressive decrease of mass fractions of Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, U, V, Zn, and Cd, concomitant with a progressive decrease of Al and Fe contents and Mo/TOC ratios. Among all these elements, only Cd, Mo and U mass fractions seem to be less or not affected by detrital influence, so they can be used as reliable redox proxies for the paleoenvironmental analysis of the studied Bambuí strata. Moreover, normalization to aluminum shows a progressive increase of trace-metal enrichments for Cd and Mo in the order of 0.1–10 times and for U in the order of 1–100 times, accompanied by a progressive increase of organic carbon content upward section. These changes in sedimentary trace-metal patterns provide evidence for the chemical evolution of basinal deep-waters, whose conditions changed progressively from suboxic-anoxic to anoxic-euxinic at the basal transgressive-regressive sequence. We suggest that the paleomarine system represented by the basal Bambuí Group has probably evolved as an intracontinental silled basin recording changes in seawater chemistry associated with redox variations and restricted hydrographic conditions. Sedimentary trace-metal patterns indicate that Bambuí epeiric sea was initially in communication with open ocean followed by the marine restriction during the transgressive and regressive cycles, respectively. This resulted in a long deepwater residence time and chemical evolution of deep watermass as a response to tectonic pulses and consequent sea-level variations during the restricted stage. Under anoxic-euxinic conditions of seawater, trace metals scarcity and micronutrient fixation limitation would have impacted nitrate bioavailability, preventing the evolution of early benthic metazoans in the Bambuí paleomarine system during the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian

Sequence stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of an ediacaran-cambrian foreland-related carbonate ramp (Bambui group, Brazil)

In the terminal Neoproterozoic, drastic climate changes associated with biological innovations are coupled to isotope and elemental geochemical anomalies. However, lateral variability and local depositional controls may affect global geochemical signals, which can only be tracked through a proper stratigraphic/paleogeographic assessment. Here, we investigate the sequence stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the basal units of the Bambui Group, central-east Brazil. This stratigraphic unit records a foreland basin system developed during the Ediacaran-Cambrian West Gondwana assembly and represents a 1st-order sequence, in which the two lowermost 2nd-order sequences record major geochemical disturbances. The first 2nd-order sequence started with the deposition of a transgresive systems tract, possibly in a postglacial scenario, which accompanies a negative-topositive delta C-13(carb) excursion. The early highstand systems tract represents the establishment of a marine carbonate ramp throughout the basin. In terms of chemostratigraphy, it corresponds to a delta C-13(carb) plateau close to 0 parts per thousand and Sr/Ca ratios around 0.001. The late highstand stage coincides with a remarkable increase in Sr content and Sr/Ca ratios at basinal scale. Occurrences of the CloudMa sp. late Ediacaran index fossil were reported in this stage. An erosional unconformity associated with a dolomitic interval, locally including subaerial exposure features, marks the top of the first 2nd-order sequence. This sequence boundary heralds an abrupt increase in delta C-13(carb) values, up to + 14 parts per thousand. These extremely high delta C-13(carb) values and high Sr/Ca ratios persist throughout the overlying sequence, as a result of progressive and enhanced restriction of the foreland basin system. Basin restriction at this stage has implications for the paleontological and chemostratigraphic record of epicontinental basins of the West Gondwana in the terminal Ediacaran. Late Ediacaran Sr-rich intervals in these basins show unusually nonradiogenic Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios, which may represent local depositional controls and deviations from the modern oceanographic models. Physiographic barriers and stressful conditions likely represented extreme environments for metazoan colonization331FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2016/06114-6; 2016/11496-5; 2017/00399-