DIFFERENCES IN MEAT NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SIX WILDFOWL VARIETIES

Na temelju analize mišićne mase prsa i bataka šest vrsta pernate divljači (divlji puran / Meleagris gallopavo, biserke / Numida meleagris, jarebice kamenjarke-čukare / Alectoris chucar, japanske prepelice / Coturnix japonica, običnog fazana / Phasianus colchicus i trčke skvržulje / Perdix perdix) može se zaključiti da je njihovo meso vrlo kvalitetno za prehranu ljudi. Zbog visokog sadržaja bjelančevina i niskog sadržaja masti posebno je kvalitetno meso čukare, biserke i običnog fazana. Mišićna masa, kao što proizlazi iz rezultata analiza, predstavlja i značajan izvor mineralnih tvari, posebice kalcija (Ca), fosfora (P) i magnezija (Mg). Rezultati analiza ukazali su na značajnu razliku u nutritivnoj vrijednosti mišićne mase prsa i bataka. Razlika je uzrokovana znatno višim sadržajem bjelančevina, nižim sadržajem masti i većom količinom ukupnih minerala (pepela) u prsnom mišićju u odnosu na mišiće bataka. Kod mišićne mase prsa utvrđen je veći sadržaj Mg, pa i P (osim čukare). Sadržaj Ca međutim, bio je ovisan više o vrsti pernate divljači nego o anatomskom porijeklu mišićne mase.Based on the muscle mass analysis of breast and drumstics of six wildfowl varieties (Wild turkey / Maleagris gallopavo, Guinea fowl / Numida meleagris, Greek partridge- chukar / Alectoris chukar, Japanese quail / Cotumix japonica, Common pheasant / Phasianus colchicus and Grey partridge / Perdix perdix) a conclusion can be made that their meat is very good for human consumption. Due to the high protein and low fat content particularly good is the meat of choker, Greek partridge and Common pheasant. Muscle mass, according to the analysis, is a significant source of minerals, particularly calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). Analysis results indicate a significant difference in nutritional value of muscle mass of breast and drumstics.The difference is the result of a much higher protein and lower fat content, as well as a higher amount of total minerals (ash) in the breast muscle as compared to the muscle of drumsticks. In the breast muscle a higher Mg and P (except in chukar) was determined. The Ca amount, however, depended more on the wildfowl variety than on the anatomical origin of muscle mass

Impact of 5-Azacytidine on placental weight, glycoprotein pattern and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in rat placenta

During the placentation process, the expression of various glycoproteins plays an important role in embryonal development. Alterations in DNA methylation caused by 5-azacytidine (5azaC) can disturb normal glycoprotein expression as well as the proliferative ability of trophoblast cells. In order to assess this, a single dose of 5azaC was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant rats during days 1-19 of gestation. Animals were euthanised on day 20 and placental weight, as well as glycoprotein composition, was analysed together with immunohistological assessment of the degree of proliferation of the trophoblast cells. The placental weight was found to be significantly smaller in animals treated by 5azaC during days 4 to 14 of gestation (p<0.01, Student's t-test). The treatment on days 4, 5, and 6 resulted in a lack of labyrinth with the strong proliferative activity of the cells in the basal layer. Expression of glycoproteins with molecular mass smaller than 60kDa was reduced with treatment on day 6. The 5azaC administered from days 7 to 10 completely disturbed the placental structure and the proliferation of trophoblast cells was poor. During these days GP70 exhibited stronger expression in treated animals, contrary to GP40, which was stronger in controls. A natural border between the labyrinth and the basal layer was established on days 11 and 12. The basal layer was dominant with a lower proliferation of trophoblast cells compared with the controls. With the establishment of the labyrinth on day 13, the expression of GP40 was restored. Proliferation of the trophoblast cells from days 13 to 15 was higher compared with the controls. The changes in placental mass and the proliferative ability of trophoblast cells in rat placenta exposed to 5azaC represent more proof of the importance of epigenetics in the regulation of placental development