Paleovegetación durante la Edad del Bronce en la Rioja alavesa: Análisis palinológico del yacimiento de Peña Parda ( Laguardia, Álava)

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio palinológico del yacimiento de Peña Parda (Laguardia, Álava). Los resultados obtenidos, en las 13 muestras estudiadas, han aportado interesantes datos sobre el paisaje vegetal existente en la vertiente sur de la Sierra de Cantabria durante la Edad del Bronce, así como sobre las evidencias de antropización

Biodegradable DFADs: Current status and prospects

Until recently, dFAD structure, materials and designs have remained quite rudimentary and virtually the same since their discovery, characterized by the increase of the dimensions and prevailing heavy use of plastic components. Biodegradable materials are called to be an important part of the solution, as they can faster degrade in the environment, free of toxins and heavy metals, reducing their lifespan, and preventing them from accumulating in sensitive areas once they are abandoned, lost or discarded. During last decades, regulatory measures at tRFMOs have advanced in the gradual implementation of biodegradable materials in dFAD constructions together with other measures limiting the number of active dFADs and the use of netting materials. However, more clarity is needed starting with a standardised definition of biodegradable dFADs among tRFMOs, to provide operational guidance. Research with those natural and synthetic materials is required, along with updated data collection for monitoring standards, as well as alternative and complementary actions need to be explored to contribute to minimising dFAD adverse effects on environment. Acknowledging the current difficulties for the implementation of fully biodegradable dFADs a stepwise process towards the implementation of fully biodegradable dFADs should be considered.Postprin

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Paleovegetación durante la Edad del Bronce en la Rioja alavesa: Análisis palinológico del yacimiento de Peña Parda ( Laguardia, Álava)

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio palinológico del yacimiento de Peña Parda (Laguardia, Álava). Los resultados obtenidos, en las 13 muestras estudiadas, han aportado interesantes datos sobre el paisaje vegetal existente en la vertiente sur de la Sierra de Cantabria durante la Edad del Bronce, así como sobre las evidencias de antropización

La Pequeña Edad del Hielo y la Era Industrial en el Lago de Enol (Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa, N Península Ibérica): señales climáticas versus antropogénicas

Ponencia presentada en el XVII International A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynology celebrado en Vigo (España) del 7 al 10 de julio de 2010Peer Reviewe

El registro paleoclimático del lago de Enol (Picos de Europa): una aproximación multidisciplinar

Ponencia presentada en el XVI International A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynology celebrado en Palma de Mallorca (España) del 22 al 25 de septiembre de 2008El conocimiento de los cambios climáticos abruptos del pasado, ha producido una interesante discusión en la bibliografía paleoclimática de los últimos años, tanto en la Península Ibérica como en el sur de Europa. Sin embargo, muchos aspectos permanecen sin resolver, como la respuesta de la vegetación a las fluctuaciones climáticas de humedad y temperatura, tanto durante la última deglaciación como en el Holoceno. Si hubo respuesta o no de los ecosistemas terrestres a los cambios abruptos, si ésta se produjo de forma inmediata o a posteriori, si tuvo incidencia local o regional, etc, son algunas de las preguntas que aún hoy se plantean.Peer Reviewe

Evolución climática y ambiental del Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa desde el último máximo glaciar

17 páginas, 11 figuras.-- Ramírez, L. & Asensio, B. (eds.).[EN]: A multi-proxy study of the Enol Lake sequence (Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain) together with detailed geomorphological mapping provides a first record of glacier evolution and climate change over the last 40,000 years in the Picos de Europa National Park. The Enol glacial retreated from its maximum extent prior to 40 kyr BP thus supporting previous evidences that the maximum extent of southern Europe glaciers occurs earlier than in northern Europe mountains. A slight improvement in climate conditions is detected at 26 kyrs ago with the change from proglacial sediments to glaciolacustrine sedimentation and a final step at 18 kyrs ago with the onset of organic-rich sediments. Last deglaciation occurred in two phases ending with a cold and dry episode (13,500-11,600 cal yrs BP) embedding the Younger Dryas event. The Holocene is divided in three intervals: a humid and warmer period (11,600-8700 cal yrs BP); a tendency towards drier climate during the Middle Holocene (8700- 4650 cal yrs BP) and a final recovery of humidity when the landscape is already modified by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) (4650-2200 cal yrs BP). Additionally, the impact of the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and 20th century warming and the varying influence of anthropogenic activities is evidenced by the integration of sedimentary, geochemical, pollen and diatom data in a 210Pb chronological framework. Multidisciplinary studies focused on exceptional lacustrine records, such as the Lago Enol sequence presented here, allows discerning between the climatic and the anthropogenic influences on the evolution of both the lake system and the catchment area, including the vegetation cover. Thus, since the current state of the environment is the result of those influences, this type of studies is very useful for implementing new policies of conservation within the National Park.[ES]: El análisis de múltiples indicadores en la secuencia sedimentológica del Lago de Enol (Cordillera Cantábrica, Norte de España), junto con la elaboración de una cartografía geomorfológica de detalle, han proporcionado por primera vez, un registro de la evolución glaciar y del cambio climático durante los últimos 40,000 años en el Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa. El glaciar de Enol comenzó a retirarse de su máxima extensión hace más de 40.000 años, apoyando así evidencias anteriores de que la máxima extensión de los glaciares en el sur de Europa ocurrió antes que en las montañas del norte de Europa. Una ligera mejora de las condiciones climáticas se observa ya hace 26.000 años, cuando Enol deja de tener una sedimentación típica de lago proglaciar y pasa a un ambiente glaciolacustre, aunque no es hasta hace unos 18.000 años cuando empiezan a depositarse sedimentos orgánicos. La última deglaciación ocurrió en dos fases, finalizando con un periodo frío y seco (13.500-11.600 años cal. BP) que incluye el evento global conocido como Dryas Reciente. El Holoceno se ha dividido en tres intervalos, comenzando con un periodo húmedo y templado (11.600-8700 años cal. BP), seguido por una tendencia hacia mayor aridez durante el Holoceno Medio (8700-4650 años cal. BP), y una recuperación final de la humedad cuando el paisaje está ya modificado por la actividad humana debido esencialmente al pastoralismo y la deforestación (4650-2200 años cal BP). Además, el estudio integrado de la sedimentología, geoquímica, polen y asociaciones de diatomeas en dos sondeos cortos del Lago de Enol, ha evidenciado el impacto del final de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo (PEH) y del calentamiento global durante el siglo XX, junto a una influencia variable de las actividades antrópicas. Estudios multidisciplinares focalizados en registros lacustres excepcionales, como la secuencia del Lago de Enol (objeto de estudio en este proyecto), han permitido distinguir entre las influencias climáticas y antrópicas en la evolución pasada tanto del sistema lacustre como de sus alrededores, incluyendo la cobertura vegetal. Así, dado que el estado actual del ecosistema es, en gran parte, el resultado de esas influencias, este tipo de estudios ayudará a implementar nuevas políticas de conservación en el Parque Nacional.Este estudio ha sido financiado por el proyecto “Evolución climática y ambiental del Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa desde el último máximo glaciar - ref: 53/2006” del Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales. Adicionalmente, se ha conseguido financiación a través de los proyectos LIMNOCLIBER (REN2003-09130-C02-02), IBERLIMNO (CGL2005-20236-E/CLI) y LIMNOCAL (CGL2006-13327-C04-01) y del proyecto Consolider GRACCIE (CSD2007-00067) del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología.Peer reviewe