Visual recovery of desert pavement surfaces following impacts from vehicle and foot traffic in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica

Sites of past human activity were investigated to assess the visual recovery of the desert pavement following impacts from human trampling and vehicle traffic. Visually disturbed and nearby control sites were assessed using comparative photographic records, a field-based Visual Site Assessment, and Desert Pavement Recovery Assessment. Sites included: vehicle and walking tracks at Marble Point and Taylor Valley; a campsite, experimental treading trial site, and vehicle tracks in Wright Valley; and vehicle and walking tracks at Cape Roberts. The time since last disturbance ranged from three months to over 50 years. This investigation also attempted to determine what has the greatest lasting visual impact on soil surfaces in the Ross Sea region: dispersed trafficking or track formation? Walking tracks remained visible in the landscape (due to larger clasts concentrating along track margins) long after the desert pavement surface had recovered. However, randomly dispersed footprints were undetectable within five years. For many sites, allowing widespread trampling will give lower medium-term visible impact than concentrating traffic flow by track formation. For steep slopes and sites where repeated visits occur, use of a single track is recommended. Some 1950s vehicle tracks remain visible in the Antarctic landscape, but where visually obvious impacts were remediated, evidence of former occupation was almost undetectable

The case of a southern European glacier which survived Roman and medieval warm periods but is disappearing under recent warming

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UA

Middle-to-late Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from the A294 ice-cave record (Central Pyrenees, northern Spain)

Perennial ice deposits in caves represent unique, but underexplored, terrestrial sequences that potentially contain outstanding palaeoclimatic records. Here, we present a pioneer palaeoenvironmental study of an ice deposit preserved in a small sag-type cave (A294) in the Central Pyrenees (northern Iberian Peninsula). The 9.25-m thick sequence, which is dated from 6100 ± 107 to 1888 ± 64 cal BP, represents the oldest known firn ice record worldwide. The stratigraphy (detrital layers, unconformities, and cross stratification), plant macrofossils, and isotopic signature (similarity between the ice linear distribution, δ2H = 7.83δ18O + 8.4, and the Global Meteoric Water Line) of the ice point to the diagenesis of snow introduced to the cave by winter snowstorms. Four phases of rapid ice accumulation (6100–5515, 4945–4250, 3810–3155, and 2450–1890 cal BP) are related to wetter and colder winters. Comparison of the isotopic composition (δ18O and deuterium excess) of the ice with other paleoclimate records show that both source effects and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mechanism exert a dominant influence on the ice cave record. The NAO signal may be a combination of source effects and rainfall amount. Three intervals with low ice accumulation occurred between the phases of rapid accumulation and were related to drier, and possibly warmer, winters. These centennial-scale episodes appear to be in-phase with regional arid events, as established from high altitude lacustrine records and can be correlated to global Rapid Climate Change events. The current warming trend has dramatically decreased the volume of the ice deposit in cave A294This work was supported by the Spanish Government and the European Regional Development Fund (projects CGL2009-10455/BTE, CTM2013-48639-C2-1-R CGL2016-77479-R). This is a contribution by PaleoQ and Geomorfología y Cambio Global groups (Aragón Government and European Social Fund) and IUCA (University of Zaragoza

Analysis of the perception of conflict and its positive resolution in university students

This research aimed to analyze the perception of conflict in universities and the ways of dealing with it in relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The research was developed from a quantitative approach in three universities in two European countries: the University of Murcia and Complutense University of Madrid (Spain) and University of Minho (Portugal). The sample consisted of 247 university students and the technique used was an ad hoc survey administered online. Among the main research results we can highlight that (a) the perception of conflict is mostly negative; (b) there are predictive variables in the positive view of conflict; and (c) university students clearly identify the peaceful resolution of conflicts with some of the Sustainable Development Goals. The main conclusions are that conflict is inherent to any organization and the university must be sensitive to the conflicts that occur within it. It is therefore necessary to create intra-university mediation services as a conflict resolution resource for the entire university community. Training and a positive view of conflict favors the construction of a citizenry capable of dialogue and of resolving the conflicts that arise in their adult life.This research work is the result of the Eramus+ LIMEdiat− Licence Européenne en Médiation pour l’Inclusion Sociale (European Degree in Mediation for Social Inclusion) project -2020-1-FR01-KA203-079934, with the participation of the University of Minho (Portugal), the University of Murcia (Spain), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) (France), and the Universitat Degli Studi di Cagliari (Italy). The total budget of the research project was 304,066 €

Potencial paleoclimático de la cueva helada A294 (Macizo de Cotiella, Pirineos, Huesca)

[EN] The A294 is a small ice cave (2238 m.a.s.l.) located in the Cotiella karstic massif in the Spanish central Pyrenees.The bottom of the cave houses an ice deposit of almost 10 meters thick. Most of the ice comes from freezing of the snow that enters through the cave entrance. Its structure shows a stratified ice with many inner debris layers including many vegetal remnants. Radiocarbon calibrated age of the lower section of the deposit ranges from 5516±70 to 3808±104 y BP, and as a consequence it is one of the oldest subsurface ice deposits known so far in Europe. Highest rates of ice accumulation identified in the deposit are related to cold Middle Holocene stages at global scale. Isotopic data (δ 18 O and δ 2 D) variability points to centennial/decadal alternating thermal stages. Ice caves are revealed as potential high resolution records of recent climate change in the Pyrenees. [ES]Peer Reviewe

Intra-university mediation on the road to the sustainable development goals: a systematic review

Mediation as a formula for resolving conflicts is becoming increasingly relevant internationally as a mechanism for a peaceful conflict resolution. In Europe, many countries are enacting legal regulations, and European directives promote the use of mediation to resolve disputes between individuals, companies, institutions, etc. Mediation has a wide range of possibilities in terms of fields of action: family, judicial, school, community, etc. One of those becoming increasingly relevant is intra-university mediation, as a mechanism for resolving conflicts between the people/agents involved, among the students themselves and their peers. Moreover, mediation is related to education and the culture of peace, which are critical aspects of a more autonomous and independent society that can solve conflicts. Bearing in mind the possibilities provided by mediation and as a horizon for intra-university mediation, we propose a systematic review that pivots on three axes: a) conflict and mediation as a means to resolve dissent; b) intra-university mediation, experiences, and possibilities; c) intra-university mediation and its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals. To do so, a systematic review has been carried out in scientific databases using a qualitative methodologyin order to identify the role of mediation in the university environment and the benefits that the university community and society can obtain. Among the main findings is the evidence that educational mediation at the university level is viable and is widely developed internationally

The Hurd rock glacier: structure and insertion in the debris transfer system of Maritime Antarctica (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)

Producción CientíficaEl glaciar rocoso de Hurd constituye un buen ejemplo del ambiente periglaciar en la Antártida marítima. La realización de seis sondeos eléctricos verticales en el mismo y su entorno inmediato ha permitido caracterizar su estructura interna y la presencia de permafrost a una profundidad de aproximadamente dos metros. El glaciar rocoso forma parte del sistema de derrubios del ámbito de transición entre un medio glaciar y otro periglaciar con permafrost continuo. El estudio detallado del glaciar rocoso y su entorno mediante la cartografía geomorfológica y los sondeos eléctricos ha permitido aproximarnos al conocimiento del sistema de transferencia de derrubios asociado a glaciares rocosos en la Antártida marítima.The Hurd rock glacier is a good example of the periglacial environment in maritime Antarctica. By means of six vertical electric sounding in the rock glacier and sourounding, its internal structure and the presence of permafrost at about 2 m depth have been pointed out. The rock glacier is an element of the debris morphodynamic system in the transition from a glacial environment to the periglacial one with continuous permafrost. The detailled study of the rock glacier and his sourounding from geomorphological map and electric sounding has let to know the debris transfer system linked to the rock glacier on maritime Antarctica.Plan Nacional de I+D (proyecto ANT98-0225)Plan Nacional de I+D (proyecto REN2001-0643

Evolución tectónica y morfoestructural reciente de la Península Byers (Antártida): evidencias sobre el desarrollo de las Islas Shetland del Sur y la Cuenca de Bransfield

[EN] Byers Peninsula forms the western extremity of the Livingston Island (Antarctica) in the continental South Shetland Block. This tectonic block is bounded by the South Shetland Trench to the north, the Bransfield back-arc basin to the south, and extends to the South Scotia Ridge on the east. Westwards it is connected to the Antarctic Plate by a broad deformation zone located at the southern end of the Hero Fracture Zone. In Byers Peninsula we analyzed more than 1,200 lineaments, and 359 fault planes from 16 sites, both in sedimentary and intrusive igneous rocks. Statistical analysis of lineaments and mesoscopic fractures, with a length varying between 31 and 1,555 m, shows a NW-SE maximum trend, with two NE-SW and ENE-WSW secondary maximums. Fault orientation analysis shows similar trends suggesting that most of the lineaments correspond to fractures. Due to the absence of striated faults and the lack of kinematic evidence on the regime in most of the analyzed faults we have used the Search Grid paleostress determination method. The results obtained allow us to improve and complete the data on the recent evolution of the South Shetland Block. In this complex geodynamic setting, Byers Peninsula has been subjected to NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW extension related to Bransfield Basine Antarcopening and NE-SW and NW-SE local compressions respectively associated to Scotia-Antarctic plate convergence and the South Shetland Trench subduction.[ES] La Península Byers se localiza en el extremo occidental de la Isla Livingston (Antártida) que pertenece al bloque continental de las Shetland del Sur. Este bloque tectónico está limitado al norte por la Fosa de las Shetland del Sur, al sur por la cuenca de trasarco de Bransfield, y hacia el este se extiende por la Dorsal Sur de Scotia. Hacia el oeste conecta con la placa Antártica a través de una amplia zona de deformación localizada en la prolongación meridional de la Zona de Fractura Hero. En este trabajo se han analizado conjuntamente más de 1.200 lineamientos, así como 359 planos de fallas en 16 estaciones en rocas sedimentarias e ígneas de la Península Byers. El análisis estadístico de los lineamientos y las fracturas a escala mesoscópica, con una longitud que oscila entre 31 y 1.555 m, muestran una orientación máxima NO-SE, con dos máximos secundarios de dirección NE-SO y ENE-OSO. El análisis de las fracturas muestra orientaciones similares que sugieren que gran parte de estos lineamientos están relacionados con fracturas. La ausencia de indicadores cinemáticos de calidad en la mayor parte de las fracturas sólo nos ha permitido aplicar el método de Redes de Búsqueda para el cálculo de paleoesfuerzos. Los resultados obtenidos son compatibles con los obtenidos en otros sectores del Bloque de las Shetland del Sur. En este complejo contexto geodinámico, la Península Byers ha estado sometida a extensión NNW-SSE/ NNE-SSW ligada a la apertura de la cuenca de Bransfield, así como a compresión local NE-SO y NO-SE asociada respectivamente a la convergencia entre las placas Scotia y Antártica, y a la subducción en la Fosa de las Shetland del Sur.Financial support for this work was provided by the research projects REN2001-0643, CGL2005-03256 and CGL2007-28812-E/ANT of the Spanish R & D National Plan.Peer reviewe

Métodos de aprendizaje colaborativos, creativos e interdisciplinarios en petrología

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEsubmitte