Morpho-kinematic analysis of the point-symmetric, bipolar planetary nebulae Hb 5 and K 3-17, a pathway to poly-polarity

The kinematics of the bipolar planetary nebulae Hb~5 and K 3-17 are investigated in detail by means of a comprehensive set of spatially resolved high spectral resolution, long-slit spectra. Both objects share particularly interesting characteristics, such as a complex filamentary, rosette-type nucleus, axial point-symmetry and very fast bipolar outflows. The kinematic information of Hb~5 is combined with {\it HST} imagery to construct a detailed 3D model of the nebula using the code SHAPE. The model shows that the large scale lobes are growing in a non-homologous way. The filamentary loops in the core are proven to actually be secondary lobes emerging from what appears to be a randomly punctured, dense, gaseous core and the material that forms the point symmetric structure flows within the lobes with a distinct kinematic pattern and its interaction with the lobes has had a shaping effect on them. Hb~5 and K~3-17 may represent a class of fast evolving planetary nebulae that will develop poly-polar characteristics once the nebular core evolves and expands.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. To appear in The Astrophysical Journa

Nota sobre la taxonomía de Microtus (Iberomys) (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) del Pleistoceno superior de la Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) e interpretación paleoclimática de la asociación de roedores

Gruta do Caldeirão is an archaeological cave site located in Tomar (Portugal, western Iberian Peninsula), which contains an important Late Pleistocene sequence from Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) to Upper Paleolithic (Solutrean-Magdalenian), including lithic tools, human remains, and other large- and small-vertebrate remains. Our revision and interpretation of the rodent assemblage previously published in the 1990s leads to three important conclusions: 1) the only species of the subgenus Iberomys present in the sequence is the current endemic Iberian vole species Microtus (Iberomys) cabrerae (Cabrera’s vole); 2) the rodent assemblage is dominated through­out by open-forest species, such as the long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), and species associated with open-humid areas such as the Mediterranean and Lusitanian pine voles (Microtus (Terricola) spp.), with the notable presence of an extinct hamster (Allocricetus bursae) in layer K, and three vole species not currently found in the vicinity of the cave (Microtus arvalis [the common vole], M. Agrestis [the field vole], and Chionomys nivalis [the European snow vole]) also in the assemblage; 3) the bioclimatic model, which is used to reconstruct climatic parameters on the basis of the rodent association, corroborates the proposal that the Solutrean occupation from layers H to Fa took place during a cold period equated to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as indicated by the available radiocarbon dates and supported by the magnetic susceptibility data.Gruta do Caldeirão es un yacimiento arqueológico en cueva situado en Tomar (Portugal, oeste de la península Ibérica), que contiene una importante secuencia perteneciente al Pleistoceno superior, adscrita culturalmente al Paleolítico medio (Musteriense) y Paleolítico superior (Solutrense-Magdaleniense), que incluye industria lítica, restos humanos y restos de grandes y pequeños vertebrados. La revisión e interpretación de la asociación de roedores de la secuencia, previamente publicada en los años 90 del siglo pasado, nos ha permitido remarcar tres importantes conclusiones: 1) la única especie del subgénero Iberomys presente en la secuencia es la espe­cie endémica actual de topillo Microtus (Iberomys) cabrerae (topillo de Cabrera); 2) la asociación de roedores está dominada en toda la secuencia por especies relacionadas con bosques abiertos, como el ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) y especies relacionadas con espacios abiertos-húmedos como los topillos mediterráneo y lusitánico (Microtus (Terricola) spp.), remarcando la presencia de un hámster extinto (Allocricetus bursae) en el nivel K y tres especies de topillos que no tienen representación actual en la zona circundante a la cavidad (Microtus arvalis - topillo campesino, Microtus agrestis – topillo agreste y Chionomys nivalis - topillo nival); 3) Finalmente, el método del Modelo Bioclimático, aplicado a la asociación de roedores, otorga resultados acordes con que la ocupaciones solutrenses situadas entre los niveles H y Fa están relacionadas con un periodo frío equi­parado con el Último Máximo Glacial (LGM), indicado por las dataciones de radiocarbono y anteriores estudios de susceptibilidad magnética de la secuencia

Design and validation of the soccer tactical knowledge test (STKT)

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la validez de un test de evaluación del conocimiento táctico en fútbol. Siete expertos revisaron el instrumento y 465 niños/as de entre 8-14 años fueron encuestados. El 100% de acuerdo entre los expertos, la consistencia interna (α=.87), la correlación Testretest (r=.75) y la correlación entre el conocimiento táctico y el criterio externo de entrenadores de fútbol (p<.01), sugirieron que el instrumento era fiable. El contexto deportivo se mostró determinante sobre el nivel de conocimiento táctico (p<.01) apoyando la validez de constructo y concurrente. Estos resultados confirmaron la validez del instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento táctico en fútbol de jóvenes que se inician a los deportes de equipoThe purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of a tactical knowledge assessment test in soccer. Seven experts reviewed the instrument and 465 children aged 8 to 14 years completed the test. The experts’ opinion (100% agreement), internal consistency (α=.87), Test-retest correlation (r=.75), and the correlations between the soccer tactical knowledge and the external criterion of soccer coaches (r=.46, p<.01), showed reasonable evidence for assessing the test reliability. The sport context was determinant on the tactical knowledge (p<.01), supporting construct and concurrent validity. These results verify the validity of this instrument for assessing soccer tactical knowledge in young beginners who are starting to practice team sport