COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM ニ ヨル カプリチェリータンソビョウ ノ カンセンゲン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

東京都世田谷区の東京農業大学世田谷キャンパス内の高層建築物とコンクリート塀に囲まれた中庭に,1978年種子によりエクアドルから導入されたカプリチェリー(Prunus capuli)が植栽されている。1997年このカプリチェリーにColletotrichum acutatumによる炭疽病の発生が確認された。同病の感染源に関して知見を得るため,その中庭に生育する種々の植物葉から分離される炭疽病菌について調査・検討を行った。これまで未記録の宿主植物を含む各種植物の展開葉からは,褐色斑点や褐変部の有無に関わらずC. acutatumが高頻度に分離され,分離菌株はその分離源植物の違いに関わらずほぼ共通の宿主範囲を有した。調査地内の各種植物間では共通の宿主を経由してC. acutatumが互いに感染・蔓延していることが強く示唆されるとともに,かなり以前からC. acutatumが国内に蔓延している可能性が考えられた。カプリチェリー炭疽病は病原菌の侵入経路が不明とされていたが,以上の結果からカプリチェリー導入前後に同菌に感染した植物がこの中庭に持ち込まれて周囲の植物に同菌が発生または潜在感染し,さらにそれらの感染植物体上のC. acutatumが同病の最初の感染源となった可能性が示された。A capulicherry (Prunus capuli) tree was introduced by seed in 1978 from Equador in the quadrangle surrounded by tall buildings and the fence in Setagatya campus of Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagatya-ku, Tokyo and found to be infected with Colletotrichum acutatum whose origin was unknown. Pathogenicity of the anthracnose fungi isolated from various plants grown at the quadrangle were investigated to clarify the origin of the capulicherry anthracnose pathogen. C. acutatum was frequently isolated from the fully expanded leaves of many species of plant including new hosts with or without brown lesion and/or area. The isolates of C. acutatum had almost common host range in spite of their source plant species. These results and previous reports suggested that the plants grown in the quadrangle were infected with C. acutatum through common host plants and C. acutatum had been distributed in Japan at least before 1980. It seemed from consideration mentioned above that the origin of capulicherry anthracnose pathogen had been introduced with some other infected plants externally and /or latently that surrounded the tree before or after introduction of the tree

指導方法の異なる先天性聾児の人工内耳装用効果 : 言語・認知神経心理学的諸能力の比較

As a result of we compared it in the case that we taught it to by the auditoryverbal training method (AC:A group) when we used the total communication method (TC:Bgroup) and taught many ability of a language / the recognition neuropsychology of the different native deaf children of the guidance method that wore cochlea implant(CI), and having examined it, next was found. 1. The A group which we taught it to by the AT method as compared with the B group which we taught it to by the TC method had better overall results. 2. It was language-related intelligence and vocabulary understanding and articulation ability that a clear difference was found in A group and B group. 3. It was thought that the plastic high time of the brain required that we taught it to that conducting hearing practical use enough, a method to teach it to was considered

進行性難聴児に対する人工内耳装用指導の留意点 : 装用年齢の異なる2症例での比較

We examined a point to keep in mind of the guidance and the role of the speech therapist about the progressive nerve deafness children who varied in the discovery time and the wearing time of the cochlear implant. 1. We manage the periodical hearing ability and we can add it and an aural decrease and must perform cochlear implant wearing in the guidance of children with progressive nerve deafness in spite of being a thought. 2. There was the need that made preoperatively age-appropriate spoken language ability acquired not to be troubled even if wearing of the cochlear implant was proper time of the learning after (6 years old) in the deaf children due to the progressive nerve deafness. 3. We predicted a prognosis when we detected hearing loss and guidance specialized in a language was necessary and thought that we required continuation of the training after an operation. 4. The role of the speech therapist in the medical institution which the cooperation of the associated institution was important and lasted for a life, and could perform support was considered so that the guidance for children with progressive nerve deafness was conducted adequately

6歳以降に人工内耳を装用させる場合の留意点について : 聾児1症例の知見から

We were followed in the course of language ability and neuro-psychological cognition in a deaf child with a cochlear implant since 6 years of age. As a result, we considered important points of wearing cochlear implant since 6 years of age. The checklists of Mori was effective for recuperation and preparation on a deaf child wearing cochlear implant since 6 years of age who is learning language ability. If conditions for learning language and speech by use of auditory training, cued speech and sign language etc. early, a deaf child with a cochlear implant since 6 years of age had good language ability and neuro-psychological cognition (except speech discrimination ability and articulation). The matter is very importance of a measure corresponding ,one by one

自閉症合併聾児に対する指導と言語聴覚士の役割

We compiled the long-term course of the cochlear implant wearing deaf child who had autism and examined a future problem and the role of the speech therapist. 1. The language / the cognitive neuropsychological ability of the deaf child who had autism was delayed at a 5-6 years old level. 2. Her ability for hearing and emotion were improved by having worn artificial cochlea at 11 years old. 3. It is suggestion that even a deaf child who had autism wearing artificial cochlea early deaf problem is reduced. 4. We thought that we required the upbringing of the speech therapist who could do guidance in consideration of autism and both deaf problems

人工内耳装用聾児9例の長期予後 : 言語・認知神経心理学的諸能力の発達からみた人工内耳装用年齢と注意欠陥多動性障害の影響

In the Fujimoto otolaryngology clinic, audiologists have trained the 9 deaf-born children wearing cochlear implants for 3 years and 3 months on the average, mainly used \u27auditoryverbal method\u27. And we followed and investigated their development of the abilities of speech,hearing, articulation, vocabulary, intelligence (measured by Tanaka-Binet test, and Wechsler scale), reading of the sentences, from the age of 30 months to 8 years and 6 months through the training. We classified them into 4 types; (group A)2 cases of deaf-single children started wearing cochlear implants in age of 2 on the average,(group B)3 cases of deaf children with ADHD started wearing cochlear implants in age of 2 and 1 month on the average, (group C)3 cases of deaf-single children started wearing cochlear implants in age of 6 on the average,(group D)1 case of deaf child with ADHD started wearing cochlear implants in age of 6. And we investigated the effect of the age of started wearing cochlear implant and ADHD on the development of speechlanguage and cognitive neuropsychological abilities. The results were as follows; 1) Group A could catch up with all abilities of their calendar ages in early time, almost 3 years, and also their development after that continued good level. 2) Secondly, group B also could show good improvement level in early age after group A.3) And the next improvement level was group C, and after that was group D.4) It suggested that wearing cochlear implant before 2 years and wearing cochlear implant for the deafchildren with ADHD could effect on the developmental improvement of the speechlanguage and cognitive neuropsychological abilities

注意欠陥多動性障害を合併した聾児の人工内耳装用効果と今後の課題 : 聾単独人工内耳装用児1例との比較

The following things were found from course for the long term of a deaf child who had the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)(case A) and a singularity deaf child (case B) that they wore cochlea implant(CI) early (2 years old), and was given systematic language guidance. 1. As for a CI wearing effect having appeared, as for case B, case A was operation two years later operation one year later. 2. The language / the cognitive many ability did not settle as compared with case B, and case A showed a problem in the low rank item. 3. Degree of the ADHD reduced case A from severeness after CI wearing slightly in two years, but the problem of the ability for attention concentration remained at the attendance at school. 4. The establishment of an effective program in consideration of the effect that attention concentration gave in verbal learning was need

人工内耳装用聾児と補聴器装用聾児の語彙理解力に関する研究

The authors assessed the vocabulary age(VA) by using the Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT) though the preschool-training, for investigated the development of vocabulary comprehension of the 7 cases of children wearing Cochlear Implant(CI) :[Group-A; 3 cases of children started wearing CI before the age of 3, Group-B; 4 cases of children started wearing CI after the age of 3,]and 3 cases of children wearing hearing aids: [Group-C].And we assessed them since age of 6 months to age of 6 and 6 months.The results were as follows. 1)We could assess VA by PVT more early times in order of Group-A, Group-C, and Group-B. 2) It needed less times to catch up with the normal developmental level as calendar age on VA in order of Group-A, Group-B, Group-C. 3)It suggested that we should have CI worn on the children before the age of 3 for the reason of those, at first the development of vocabulary comprehension depended on the hearing, and secondarily it could improve using the hearing.4)In case of wearing hearing aids, it needed more times, but they could catch up with the normal developmental level as calendar age on vocabulary comprehension, on condition that we adjusted their environment on early language acquisition

補聴方法の異なる聾児の構音能力に関する臨床的研究 : 健聴児,補聴器装用児,人工内耳装用児での比較検討

We compared with 7 cases of deaf children in born, and examined for the effects of the ages of started wearing hearing aided devices on acquisition of articulation, and the results were as followings: They were good for the ratios of correct responses of articulations in group-A(early cochlear implants) and C(successful hearing aid users) ,and they were almost as same as normal children on their prosodic-features of speaking sentences. They were not good for the ratios of correct responses of articulation in group-B(late wearing cochlear implants) and D(less successful hearing aid users),and they were monotonous and flat on their prosodic-features of speaking sentences. It was suggested that we should started having the hearing aided devices worn on them and started the auditory training before the age of 3 at least, for they could recognize and discriminate between the original sounds and they could improve the ability of articulation