Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Power System for McCallum, NL, Canada

Although solar power plants have several advantages over conventional power generation methods, the main issue is the need for land, which is used for agriculture globally, as well as the expense. With the help of a floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) system, the problem of land constraints can be solved. FSPV can be put in any water section, which will boost generation by utilizing the cooling impact of water while also lowering the cost of the land. In this research, an on-grid FSPV system is designed and analyzed for McCallum, NL, Canada. The designed system can reduce remote site diesel consumption by 70%

Basic Life Support (BLS) Knowledge Among General Population; a Multinational Study in Nine Arab Countries

Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) is a medical treatment used in life-threatening emergencies until the sufferer can be properly cared for by a team of paramedics or in a hospital. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding BLS and the contributing factors among the Arab non-medical population. Methods: An online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical populations in nine Arab countries between April 13, 2022, and June 30, 2022. The utilized questionnaire consisted of two parts: part one included socio-demographic characteristics and part two measured knowledge of BLS through an online survey. Results: The research included a total of 4465 participants. 2540 (56.89%) of the participants were knowledgeable about BLS. The mean basic life support knowledge scores of participants who received training were higher than those who had not (20.11 ± 4.20 vs. 16.96 ± 5.27; p< 0.01). According to the nations, Yemen scored the highest, while Morocco had the lowest levels of BLS knowledge (19.86 ± 4.71 vs. 14.15 ± 5.10, respectively; p< 0.01). Additionally, individuals who resided in urban areas scored on average higher than those who did in rural areas (17.86 ± 5.19 vs. 17.13 ± 5.24, p= 0.032) in understanding basic life support. Age, information sources, and previous training with theoretical and practical classes were significant predictors of BLS knowledge. Conclusion: The level of BLS knowledge among non-medical people in Arab nations is moderate but insufficient to handle the urgent crises that we face everywhere. In addition to physicians being required to learn the BLS principles, non-medical people should also be knowledgeable of the necessary actions to take in emergency events

Recent outcomes and challenges of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning applications in neurosurgery

Neurosurgeons receive extensive technical training, which equips them with the knowledge and skills to specialise in various fields and manage the massive amounts of information and decision-making required throughout the various stages of neurosurgery, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care and recovery. Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become more useful in neurosurgery. AI has the potential to improve patient outcomes by augmenting the capabilities of neurosurgeons and ultimately improving diagnostic and prognostic outcomes as well as decision-making during surgical procedures. By incorporating AI into both interventional and non-interventional therapies, neurosurgeons may provide the best care for their patients. AI, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have made significant progress in the field of neurosurgery. These cutting-edge methods have enhanced patient outcomes, reduced complications, and improved surgical planning

Right heart overload – possible long-term sequelae of Covid-19: a narrative review

The United Nations announced the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2019, and since then, many efforts have been made to understand better the multiple consequences of the virus on one's health. Notably, such viral infection leads to an increase in the formation of thrombi and microthrombi. However, mechanisms are not precise yet, neither are these complication consequences and management. It is essential to acknowledge these aspects of the disease, so patients receive better health care when dealing with COVID-19. This article's extensive search involved PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases; authors used keywords to find relevant studies on the subject. SARS-CoV2 creates a pro-thrombotic state through direct endothelial damage and a cytokine storm, affecting the lung, among other organs, leading to hypoxia and a rise in vascular resistance. Increased vascular resistance makes patients prone to cardiac stress, with a known association with right heart failure, among other insults to the heart. This condition affects both outpatients and inpatients, hypertension being a significant risk factor. The cardiac damage can be observed by cardiac injury biomarkers, imaging, and heart failure symptoms. Considering the massive number of infected during the pandemic, we suggest that right heart failure secondary to increased vascular resistance in the COVID/post-COVID state presents as a long-term sequel of the infection. Moreover, we believe it deserves attention so that patients may receive early and adequate health care

Estimating Children’s Weight and Comparison of Paediatric Weight Estimation Methods in an Indian Tertiary Hospital

Introduction: Managing pediatric emergencies is a challenging task as parameters like drug doses and equipment sizes are based on body weight. Inaccurate estimation of weight can lead to increased adverse drug reactions or non-responsiveness. However, measuring weight in emergency situations is not always feasible, especially in low and middle-income countries where weighing scales may be unavailable. Age-based formulae are available to estimate weight rapidly, but these have been created and validated using data from high-income countries, leaving a gap in formulae for low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to create and validate similar formulae for these countries to improve the accuracy of pediatric weight estimation in emergency situations. Objective: To determine which weight estimate provides the most accurate reading for the Indian population. This will allow us to provide recommendations for similar populations. Methodology: Study design: a cross-sectional study Inclusion criteria: Children between the ages of 1 and 18 years whose parents give consent. Exclusion criteria: Children who need immediate resuscitation, have conditions that could affect their weight, like oedema, or were on medications that could affect their weight, including long-term steroids. Children who have limb deformities. Study site: Tertiary Hospital in India Study duration: 2 Months Population Recruitment Children who visit hospitals for- Out-patient treatment In-patient treatment Immunization Sample Size Estimation We require at least 75 observations required for BlandAltman analysis to calculate the sample size for a multiple regression study keeping significance of 0.05 and power of study of 0.80. Data Collection • Target data: Age- (in years- depending on nearest birthday) Sex-(Male or Female) Height-(in cm- to nearest 0.1cm) - please mention the name of instrument, company, model number, country of manufacture Weight-(in kg- to nearest 0.1kg) - please mention the name of instrument, company, model number, country of manufacture Body habitus - Body habitus shall be measured by using a figural reference image adapted from the PAWPER study[ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467917309794#fig1 ] Instruments Measuring tape Weighing machine Record Handling and Data Keeping We would maintain records in a structured format in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Outcome Measures Primary- The proportion of children whose weight would be estimated within 10%-20% of their actual weight by each weight estimation method to measure the accuracy. Secondary-The precision of the weight estimation methods in the form of Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Plan of Statistical Analysis We would use a multiple linear regression model to derive a new age-based formula with age, sex and length as variables. We would use Bland-Altman analysis to compare the different weight estimation methods. The statistical analysis would be conducted in SATA BE Application and Microsoft Excel software. Limitations We would only include children presenting at the time of our study. We would have to depend on the parents’ knowledge to record the age of the children. There could be a degree of error while recording the anthropometric variables based on the reliability of the machine and the measuring technique of the assessor. Our study would also be limited by the general restrictions of a multiple linear regression model. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION Study will be initiated only after getting clearance from IRC &amp; IEC. No cost will be incurred from the participants for the purpose of the study. REFERENCES: Greig A, Ryan J, Glucksman E. How good are doctors at estimating children’s weight? J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Mar;14(2):101–3. Harris M, Patterson J, Morse J. Doctors, nurses, and parents are equally poor at estimating pediatric weights. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1999 Feb;15(1):17–8. Ramarajan N, Krishnamoorthi R, Strehlow M, Quinn J, Mahadevan SV. Internationalizing the Broselow tape: how reliable is weight estimation in Indian children. Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med. 2008 May;15(5):431–6. Wells M, Goldstein LN, Bentley A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of weight estimation systems used in paediatric emergency care in developing countries. Afr J Emerg Med Rev Afr Med Urgence. 2017;7(Suppl):S36–54. Sharma S, Arlappa N, Balakrishna N, Misra A, Laxmaiah A. Validation of APLS, Argall and Luscombe Formulae for Estimating Weight among Indian Children. Indian J Pediatr. 2019 Jul;86(7):648–50. Varghese A, Vasudevan VK, Lewin S, Indumathi CK, Dinakar C, Rao SDS. Do the length-based (Broselow) Tape, APLS, Argall and Nelson’s formulae accurately estimate weight of Indian children? Indian Pediatr. 2006 Oct;43(10):889–94. Shah V, Bavdekar SB. Validity of Broselow tape for estimating weight of Indian children. Indian J Med Res [Internet]. 2017 Mar [cited 2021 Mar 12];145(3):339–46. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555062/ Mishra DG, Kole T, Nagpal R, Smith JP. A correlation analysis of BroselowTM Pediatric Emergency Tape-determined pediatric weight with actual pediatric weight in India. World J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 12];7(1):40–3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786497/ Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. CRC Press; 1990. 630 p

Theoretical investigation of slow gain recovery of quantum cascade lasers observed in pump-probe experiment

Time-resolved spectroscopy-based pump-probe experiments performed on quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) exhibit an initial fast gain recovery followed by a slow tail such that the equilibrium gain is not recovered in a cavity round-trip time. This ultra-slow gain recovery or non-recovered gain cannot be explained by only the intersubband carrier dynamics of QCLs. This work shows that the Fabry-Perot cavity dynamics and localized intersubband electron heating of QCLs are essential in ultra-slow and nonrecovered gain recovery. We developed a comprehensive model, coupling cavity dynamics to the intersubband electrons' thermal evolution. We employ a four-level coupled Maxwell-Bloch model that considers temperature-dependent scattering and transport mechanisms in calculating the gain recovery dynamics. If an intense pump pulse electrically pumped close to the threshold propagates in the forward direction after being coupled into the cavity, the reflected pump pulse will significantly deplete the gain medium while propagating in the backward direction. Additionally, we show that the intersubband electron sustains a localized high temperature even after the pump pulse has left, which affects the overall carrier dynamics and leads to an ultra-slow gain recovery process. At near-perfect reflectivity, we observe a gain depletion of 4% for 2 mm QCL. We further demonstrate that an additional 10% gain depletion of probe pulse is seen at a steady state when the laser is pumped at 1.6 times the threshold compared to the case where the hot electron effect is not considered

Posttraumatic hydrocephalus: Recent advances and new therapeutic strategies

Abstract Background Hydrocephalus or ventriculomegaly is a condition brought on by an overabundance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system. The major contributor to posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), especially in individuals with occupations set in industrial settings. A variety of criteria have been employed for the diagnosis of PTH, including the combination of neurological symptoms like nerve deficits and headache, as well as an initial improvement followed by a worsened relapse of altered consciousness and neurological deterioration, which is detected by computed tomography‐brain imaging that reveals gradual ventriculomegaly. Aim In this article, we discuss and summarize briefly the current understandings and advancements in the management of PTH. Methods The available literature for this review was searched on various bibliographic databases using an individually verified, prespecified approach. The level of evidence of the included studies was considered as per the Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine recommendations. Results The commonly practiced current treatment modality involves shunting CSF but is often associated with complications and recurrence. The lack of a definitive management strategy for PTH warrants the utilization of novel and innovative modalities such as stem cell transplantations and antioxidative stress therapies. Conclusion One of the worst complications of a TBI is PTH, which has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Even though there hasn't been a successful method in stopping PTH from happening, hemorrhage‐derived blood, and its metabolic by‐products, like iron, hemoglobin, free radicals, thrombin, and red blood cells, may be potential targets for PTH hindrance and management. Also, using stem cell transplantations in animal models and antioxidative stress therapies in future studies can lower PTH occurrence and improve its outcome. Moreover, the integration of clinical trials and theoretical knowledge should be encouraged in future research projects to establish effective and updated management guidelines for PTH

Investigating thyroid dysfunction in the context of COVID-19 infection

COVID-19 is a contagious viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). One of the key features of COVID-19 infection is inflammation. There is increasing evidence pointing to an association between cytokine storm and autoimmunity. One autoimmune disease of interest in connection to COVID-19 is hyperthyroidism. COVID-19 has been shown to decrease TSH levels and induce thyrotoxicosis, destructive thyroiditis, and de novo Graves' disease. It has also been suggested that the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 antigens following vaccination can cross-react through a mechanism called molecular mimicry which can elicit autoimmune reactivity, potentially leading to potential thyroid disease post vaccine. However, if the COVID-19 vaccine is linked to reduced COVID-19 related serious disease, it could potentially play a protective role against post COVID-19 hyperthyroidism (de novo disease and exacerbations). Further studies investigating the complex interplay between COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccine and thyroid dysfunction can help provide substantial evidence and potential therapeutic targets that can alter prognosis and improve COVID-19 related outcomes in individuals with or without preexisting thyroid disease. </p

The molecular landscape of neurological disorders: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing in neurology and neurosurgery.

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the Walter E. Dandy Neurosurgical Society UK for the facilitation of this manuscript.Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a transformative technology in neurological and neurosurgical research, revolutionising our comprehension of complex neurological disorders. In brain tumours, scRNA-seq has provided valuable insights into cancer heterogeneity, the tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance, and invasion patterns. It has also elucidated the brain tri-lineage cancer hierarchy and addressed limitations of current models. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been molecularly subtyped, dysregulated pathways have been identified, and potential therapeutic targets have been revealed using scRNA-seq. In epilepsy, scRNA-seq has explored the cellular and molecular heterogeneity underlying the condition, uncovering unique glial subpopulations and dysregulation of the immune system. ScRNA-seq has characterised distinct cellular constituents and responses to spinal cord injury in spinal cord diseases, as well as provided molecular signatures of various cell types and identified interactions involved in vascular remodelling. Furthermore, scRNA-seq has shed light on the molecular complexities of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, providing insights into specific genes, cell-specific expression patterns, and potential therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the potential of scRNA-seq in guiding precision medicine approaches, identifying clinical biomarkers, and facilitating therapeutic discovery. However, challenges related to data analysis, standardisation, sample acquisition, scalability, and cost-effectiveness need to be addressed. Despite these challenges, scRNA-seq has the potential to transform clinical practice in neurological and neurosurgical research by providing personalised insights and improving patient outcomes