A Data-driven Approach to Power System Dynamic State Estimation

State estimation is a key function in the supervisory control and planning of an electric power grid. Typically, the independent system operator (ISO) runs least-squares based static state estimation once every few minutes. Inherently, however, a power system is mostly in a transient state owing to load fluctuations, outages and network switching. In such a scenario, dynamic state estimation facilitates real-time monitoring and control of the system. Dynamic state estimation is implemented using Kalman filtering techniques. Popular estimators for nonlinear systems include the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Practical implementation, however, is inhibited by the lack of an accurate system model and the high computational complexity of Kalman filtering methods. I address the former issue of model unavailability and rely instead on measurement data from phasor measurement units for dynamic state estimation (DSE). I build an estimator for DSE which uses only measurement and input information, and operates without knowledge of the underlying system model. The algorithm considered uses a Gaussian process (GP) approximation of the state transition and observation functions in the implementation of a UKF-based state estimation. I analyze the performance of the estimator for different scenarios using root mean squared (RMS) error as the metric. The estimator, when evaluated on the IEEE 14-bus test case, gives a minimum accuracy rate of over 94% over all considered scenarios

Educational Migration and Agency among Tribal Young Women

In this paper, I examine the understanding of agency among the tribal young women attending college in Pratapgarh (Rajasthan), India. Particularly in light of this shift in their living and academic spaces, I look at how they interpret and perform their agency when it comes to being in a romantic relationship and getting married. It is not uncommon for tribal members to engage in romantic relationships and to seek love marriages. The number of young women migrating for education is increasing. As a result of educational migration, the practice of live-in relationships, romantic relationships, and love marriages has also increased over time among tribal youths. The data for this study were collected over nine months from interviews, group decisions, and participant observation of tribal young women in places they frequent, such as college campuses, hostels, homes, markets, and parks. In addition, the narratives of their parents and other family members are also analyzed to explore this aspect of agency, space, and marriage. In various domains encompassing academic and domestic spheres, my investigation has revealed that tribal young women exhibit agency concerning their involvement in romantic relationships and their preferences for either love or arranged marriages. Notably, a prevailing pattern emerges among most of my participants, regardless of their current romantic status or chosen marital arrangement, which centers around their post-wedding aspirations to pursue their education and attain government employment, thereby fostering financial independence. For these participants, marriage serves as a conduit through which they can sustain their educational pursuits even after entering into matrimony, facilitated by the support and assistance from their partner and in-laws. In addition to providing emotional and moral encouragement, these marital arrangements offer financial assistance, further reinforcing the participants’ willingness to embrace matrimony while pursuing their education

Study of sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic

Background: Aim of this study was to study sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: This is a case control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. The study included hundred volunteer subjects of age group 25-35years and were divided into two groups (healthcare workers and and professionals from non-medical background). Results: Subjective sleep quality was significantly altered in FHCW with P value of 0.001. Sleep latency was increased in study group with 50% of study group having score of 3 on Pittsburg sleep quality index. The duration of sleep was reduced in study group with increased sleep disturbances. Forty percent of FHCW reported use of medications for sleep. Almost 100% of FHCW reported Day time dysfunction. Conclusions: COVID-19 resulted in significant sleep deprivation, increased latency, poor sleep quality and increased use of medication in FHCW. The FHCW suffered from poor quality of sleep during the COVID pandemic. FHCW were affected by several stress factors including heavy workload, high night shift frequency and constant use of PPE kit. All these stress factors affected their quality of sleep

Analysis of Fog Computing for IOT Security

Distributed processing efficiency provided by fog computing, IoT needs an autonomic security approach. It is because IoT devices are deployed in both the managed and the unmanaged environments. The devices in unmanaged environment are more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. The new IoT produces large amounts of data from millions of connected devices which needs low latency analytics. Fog computing will fulfill this need. Fog nodes provide an abstraction layer that masks the heterogeneity between devices and offers a consistent, virtualization programmable interface

Materanal and neonatal outcomes of triplet gestation in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

Background: A significant rise in triplet pregnancy rate has occurred recently. This rise is of concern, as these infants are frequently reported as a risk factor of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to retrospectively study the outcomes of triplet births.Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken to analyze the clinical data of all patients with triplet gestation admitted to the labour room of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi to study the maternal and fetal outcomes. Authors retrospectively observed and analyzed the database to examine triplet gestations delivered between January 2014 and December 2018.Results: Over the five-year study period, there were total 44,011 deliveries. Out of these, there were 35 (0.079%) triplet pregnancies. Of all the triplet pregnancies studied 80% resulted from ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology. The mean gestational age at delivery was 31.6±3.0 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1,594±460 gm. The most common maternal complications were Preterm labour in 32 pregnancies (92%), anemia in 17 (49%), pre-eclampsia in 11 (31%), post-partum hemorrhage in 8 (22%). Of the total deliveries neonatal complications included Respiratory distress syndrome in 44 (42.2%), Hyperbilirubinemia in 41 (39%), Intrauterine growth restriction in 19 (18.1%). The perinatal mortality rate was 10.5%.Conclusions: Higher order pregnancies are associated with maternal and neonatal complications. These high risk women need more care and the neonates require intensive care and monitoring after birth, most commonly due to prematurity and low birth weight

USABILITY OF E-RESOURCES AMONG LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENTS IN PATNA, BIHAR: A STUDY

The research aims into library science students at Patna University in Bihar\u27s understanding and use of electronic resources and many other relevant topics. In this investigation, the researcher adopted a descriptive strategy. The main objective of the paper is to get an understanding of the use of electronic resources by the library user. Overall, 90 questionnaires were distributed, whereas only 72 were filled and returned as a sample. To collect data from the users, a systematic questionnaire was constructed. The study aimed to determine the users\u27 requirements and level of consciousness and use of electronic resources. According to data, many users were satisfied with infrastructure facilities, required information, or other reasons for using e-resources and services. However, some users could not use the e-resources due to the lack of user education and awareness campaigns, language difficulties, and IT skills and understanding. As a result, libraries should actively launch well-planned user awareness and education initiatives, expand infrastructure, and subscribe to more e-resources

Trade, investment and economic growth in India and China

Using time series data from 1980 to 2014, this study examines the relationship between trade, investment and economic growth in India and China. The present study attempts to assess the contributions of not only foreign direct investment and exports as done by the previous studies but also incorporates domestic direct investment and imports. The study uses more comprehensive and recent autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to examine the existence of short-run and long-run relationships. The main advantage of this approach is that it can be used regardless of the stationarity properties of the variables in the sample. The study gives different results for both countries. In case of China, exports, FDI  and domestic investment have positive impact on economic growth whereas for India only the variable of domestic investment has been found to be significant. China is a world leader in merchandise exports and its services exports have complemented its goods exports. The main weakness of Indian economy is the poor performance of manufacturing sector as a result of which India’s merchandise exports are concentrated around a few categories. Though India is a leader in IT related services exports but these exports are unable to compensate for poor performance of merchandise exports

Event Transformation for Browser Based Web Devices

Today a smartphone or tablet supports seven to eight ways by which user can interact with it. These interaction methods are touch, mouse, keyboard, voice, gestures, hover & stylus. Future is going towards IoE (Internet of everything) but if we really want to realize this vision then we need someone who can deal with these various existing and upcoming device interaction methods. This paper talks about a custom JavaScript library, which is accountable for registering native events coming from different event sources and maps it with the user defined key map to form a proper gesture. It is not a plain mapping because it takes care of many parameters like event state, occurrence, time interval of key press etc. If the events are coming from touch screen device then complexity increases many folds because forming a touch gesture involves all mathematical steps related to identification of swipe direction. Also in order to support the acceleration, its required to know till how long key was pressed and when it was released else no gesture will be formed and all events will be discarded. Based on device capability supported events could be discarded to completely knock off a device interaction method. It could be touch, mouse or key anything. This paper investigates heterogeneity of device interaction method events to form uniform gestures so that application developer need not to write code for each and every device interaction method