2,802 research outputs found
Clinical Characterization of Alzheimer's Disease: Reliability of 'Age at Onset' and a New Descriptor, 'Age at Shift'
To determine the interrater reliability of clinical descriptors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assessed the degree of agree ment among four clinicians who rated 21 patients during a longitudinal study. Despite variability in response patterns, degree of agreement for determining age at onset of dementia was statistically significant (P < 0.005). We also found significant agreement (P < 0.0001) among three clinicians for the clinical descriptor, "age at shift" from questionable to probable AD, according to the National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria. These data demonstrate that both retro spective and prospective descriptors can be reliably determined in the clinical assessment of AD. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1988;1:207-211).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68908/2/10.1177_089198878800100404.pd
Imaging butyrylcholinesterase activity in Alzheimer's disease
No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55890/1/21023_ftp.pd
Posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31318/1/0000227.pd
In vivo mapping of cholinergic terminals in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
To map presynaptic cholinergic terminal densities in normal aging (n = 36), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 22), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 15), we performed single-photon emission computed tomography using [ 123 I]iodoben-zovesamicol (IBVM), an in vivo marker of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. We used coregistered positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]fluorodexyglucose for metabolic assessment and coregistered magnetic resonance imaging for atrophy assessment. In controls (age, 22–91 years), cortical IBVM binding declined only 3.7% per decade. In AD, cortical binding correlated inversely with dementia severity. In mild dementia, binding differed according to age of onset, but metabolism did not. With an onset age of less than 65 years, binding was reduced severely throughout the entire cerebral cortex and hippocapus (about 30%), but with an onset age of 65 years or more, binding reductions were restricted to temporal cortex and hippocampus. In PD without dementia, binding was reduced only in parietal and occipital cortex, but demented PD subjects had extensive cortical binding decreases similar to early-onset AD. We conclude that cholinergic neuron integrity can be monitored in living AD and PD patients, and that it is not so devastated in vivo as suggested by postmortem choline acetylransferase activity (50–80%).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50361/1/410400309_ftp.pd
Willing and able: action-state orientation and the relation between procedural justice and employee cooperation
Existing justice theory explains why fair procedures motivate employees to adopt cooperative goals, but it fails to explain how employees strive towards these goals. We study self-regulatory abilities that underlie goal striving; abilities that should thus affect employees’ display of cooperative behavior in response to procedural justice. Building on action control theory, we argue that employees who display effective self-regulatory strategies (action oriented employees) display relatively strong cooperative behavioral responses to fair procedures. A multisource field study and a laboratory experiment support this prediction. A subsequent experiment addresses the process underlying this effect by explicitly showing that action orientation facilitates attainment of the cooperative goals that people adopt in response to fair procedures, thus facilitating the display of actual cooperative behavior. This goal striving approach better integrates research on the relationship between procedural justice and employee cooperation in the self-regulation and the work motivation literature. It also offers organizations a new perspective on making procedural justice effective in stimulating employee cooperation by suggesting factors that help employees reach their adopted goals
Evaluation of Ralgro® on pasture and subsequent feedlot performance and carcass merit of mexican crossbred steers
A pasture/feedlot field study was conducted
to evaluate the effects of a single
Ralgro® implant during the stocker phase on
steer grazing performance and subsequent
feedlot performance and carcass merit. A
total of 2,764 steers of Mexican origin averaging
449 lb were assembled in Texas and
shipped to Kansas, where they grazed on
three intensively-early-stocked Flint Hills
pastures. At initial processing, the steers
were individually weighed and randomly
assigned to either a non-implanted control
group or a Ralgro implant group. Ralgro
steers gained more (23 lb; P<0.01) than
controls during the 82- to 93-day grazing
phase. Following the grazing phase, all steers
were shipped to a commercial feedlot in
southwestern Kansas where steers from each
pasture were individually weighed and given
a single Component E-S® implant. Immediately
after processing, steers from each
pasture were sorted into either a light- or
heavy-weight pen, regardless of pasture
implant treatment, resulting in six feedlot
pens. Days on feed ranged from 127 to 197.
Control steers gained faster (P<0.01) during
the feedlot phase; however, Ralgro steers had
higher cumulative weight gains across the
combined pasture and feedlot phases
(P<0.01) and averaged three fewer days on
feed (P<0.05). There were no significant
differences for marbling, fat thickness, ribeye
area, KPH fat, or yield grade. Ralgro
steers had lower (P<0.05) quality grades
because of a higher incidence (P<0.001) of
steers with B and C carcass maturities
Mouse brain distribution of a carbon-11 labeled vesamicol derivative: Presynaptic marker of cholinergic neurons
The regional mouse brain distribution of a new carbon-11 labeled derivative of vesamicol, [11C]-5-(N-methylamino)benzovesamicol ([11C]MABV) is reported. Radiotracer concentrations in vivo are in the rank order of striatum>cortex>hippocampus>hypothalamus> cerebellum, consistent with reported distributions of other presynaptic cholinergic neuronal markers. In time course studies, striatum/cerebellum and cortex/cerebellum ratios for (-)-[11C]MABV continue to increase to values of 13 and 5, respectively, 75 min after i.v. injection of [11C]MABV. The specific binding in striatum and cortex is lowered by pretreatment with (+/-)-vesamicol, and shows stereoselectivity with lower uptake and lower ratios for the (+)-enantiomer. (-)-[11C]MABV is proposed as a positron-emitting radioligand for the in vivo study of presynaptic cholinergic neurons.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28961/1/0000798.pd
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