The growth and development of metropolitan planning strategies in Istanbul

Beside it?s historical, cultural and natural values in the international level, Istanbul is a world wide city which leads to national and regional development from socio-economic point of view. However, there are some obstacles to become an international metropolis. The two properties which have determined the growth dynamics negatively up to now are: ? Turkey?s industrialisation occurs mainly in Istanbul and the development of the city as an Industrial City, ? In a rapid and unhealthy developed city, the pressure of economic process base on speculations on real estates and other urban areas over business and political decision mechanism. Istanbul, with it?s approximately 9 million inhabitant, pulls a great amount of migrant every year. However, inadequacy in present infrastructure, housing stock and natural life sources which answer to migrants, leads to a complex structure in the city. There are some obstacles to become an international metropolis. The two properties which have determined the growth dynamics negatively up to now are: Istanbul Metropolitan Area Sub Region Master Plan done by Greater Municipality of Istanbul in 1995, aimed Istanbul to be a historical, cultural, scientific, artistic and service city integrated with regional countries and to take part in the hierarchy of world metropolitan cities in the current economic development process. According to this aim, Greater Municipality of Istanbul developed a strategic plan as a result of planning studies which direct city development. With this plan, ? Planning decisions in the metropolitan area that supply balanced land use for the protection of natural sources, cultural heritage and sustainable environment are formed. ? Transportation schema that ideally organises relations among the most convenient centre and sub-centres of Istanbul?s linear development, We are aimed to explain Istanbul Metropolitan Area Sub Region Master Plan.

Relative Price Variability : The Case of Turkey 1994-2002

Relative price variability leads to inefficiencies in the allocation of resources that reduce real income (Fischer, 1981). Given the costs associated with relative price variability, the relation between inflation and relative price variability was extensively researched and a positive relation between the two was documented for many countries and for varying time periods. Furthermore, one of the main sources of relative price variability being differential speeds of price adjustment in different sub-sectors, renders the investigation of relative price variability valuable also in terms of understanding the inflationary dynamics. In this paper, highly disaggregated data based on 103 classification of Turkish CPI for the period between January 1994 and December 2002 are utilised. The statistical findings based on Theil (1967) measure of relative price variability, are analyzed from different perspectives : seasonal pattern, time aggregation, different sub-groups, e.g. tradable/non-tradable prices, administered/non-administered prices etc. Resulting stylized facts about recent dynamics of inflation are presented. The relation between relative price variability and inflation is verified by carrying out model-free regressions. The results show that there is a positive contemporaneous association between relative price variability and inflation in Turkey. Besides, inflation is found to Granger-cause relative price variability. These conclusions are shown to be robust to the degree of commodity aggregation.Relative Price Variability, Inflation, Turkish Inflation

Some Evidence on the Irrationality of Inflation Expectations in Turkey

This study aims to add to the understanding of inflation expectations in Turkey. We conduct several tests to understand whether economic agents use all the available information to forecast inflation. The answer is a lucid “NO”: Using 5 different quantitative expectations series from 3 different surveys, we find that all the expectations series, except the one month ahead forecasts, are biased and inefficient. Furthermore, forecast errors in many cases are significantly correlated with exchange rate changes, revealing that agents do not take into account the lagged effects of the exchange rate movements on inflation while forming their expectations. That is, the role of exchange rate pass-through, as a determinant of inflation, is not well understood. These results also suggest that some form of deviation from rational expectations may be necessary—at least during the disinflation period—in modeling inflation dynamics.

Stress at Work: Any Potential Redirection From an African Sample?

Research on workplace stress has generated a massive interest and following in the management and behavioural literature in the Western world, but not much data has come out of Africa. This study explored the relationship among Perceived stress, Perception of sources of stress, Satisfaction, Core self-evaluation, Perceived health and Well being. Survey data was collected from 355 employees in Botswana. Result from descriptive data and correlational analysis indicates significant links between Perceived stress, Satisfaction, Core self-evaluation and Well being. Overall, much of our findings are consistent with what has been reported in the literature. Managerial implications of the findings were discussed

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AWARENESS OF SOCIAL SERVICE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

This study aimed to determine the sustainable development awareness of the students studying in the social service program and to explain the factors that predict it. A survey method was used. Data were gathered with a scale called the "Sustainable Development Awareness Scale” developed by Ozturk-Demirbas (2011). Participants consisted of 55 students studying in the second year of the social service undergraduate program of a state university in Turkey. The measurement tool was applied to the students in an online environment in the first quarter of 2022. It was concluded that sustainable development awareness levels of social service undergraduate students are high in terms of environmental ethics, social factors, and total points and medium in terms of environmental-economic as measured in pre-service teachers in many other studies. Social service students' awareness of sustainable development was higher in the first two dimensions of the scale and lower in the third dimension when compared to the others. It has been revealed that the experiences during the normal flow of life do not have sufficient effect on this awareness. It is an important necessity for students to take action so that they can have concrete experiences in social responsibility projects and gain awareness of sustainable development.  Article visualizations