Response Rate Is Associated with Prolonged Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Gefitinib or Erlotinib

Introduction:Gaining a higher response rate (RR) has usually been determined as a primary end point in phase II trials evaluating the efficacy of new molecular targeted drugs. However, a relationship between clinical response and survival benefit has not been well studied in the patients treated with molecular targeted agents.Methods:Prospective trials of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer were extracted from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the annual meetings in 2007 of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Cancer Conference, and World Conference on Lung Cancer.Correlation between clinical response and survival was examined using linear regression analysis. We also tried to compare the significance of RR as surrogate markers for survival with that of disease control rate (DCR) by calculating the area under their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:We identified 24 phase II trials and 4 phase III trials with a total of 6171 patients and 30 treatment arms, including 22 arms for the gefitinib group and 8 arms for the erlotinib group. Both RR and DCR strongly correlated with median survival time (MST; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In an ROC analysis, the area under the ROC curve predicting MST prolongation by RR was 0.918, which was higher than the area under the ROC curve by DCR.Conclusions:We found a significant relationship between RR and MST in clinical trials with EGFR-TKIs. RR could be an independent surrogate marker for MST in the current response criteria in the clinical trials of EGFR-TKIs

運動行動変容の段階および運動実施に対する自己効力感の測定尺度に関する研究 : 日本語版尺度の開発と高齢者への適用

The first objective of this study was to develop a Japanese version scale of the Stages of Exercise Behavior Change and Exercise Self-Efficacy. Data for study 1 were obtained from 282 walking event participants. The validity of criteria for the scale of Stages of Exercise Behavior Change and factorial validity and reliability for the scale of Exercise Self-Efficacy were examined. The results of study 1 were as follows : 1) The higher the Stages of Exercise Behavior Change, the higher the frequency and the more practice time for exercise. 2) It became clear as a result of a confirmatory factor analysis that GFI and AGFI of 1 factor model in Exercise Self-Efficacy were at an acceptable level (GFI.976 and AGFI.927). Moreover, the Cronbach α coefficient was. 806. The second objective of this study was to examine the application of two scales developed in Study 1 for older adults. Data for Study 2 were obtained from 226 visitors over 60 years of age to an interchangeable facility for older adults. The results of Study 2 were as follows : 1) There was the similar tendency as study 1 in two scales. 2) There was no linear relationship between the Stages of Exercise Behavior Change and Exercise Self-Efficacy, as indicated in the previous study

マイナー競技種目への社会化 : 実業団ホッケー選手に着目して

The purpose of this study was to explore the socialization process and sports careers of minor sports athletes. This research applied the "social learning theory" of Bandura (1969) to explain the socialization process. Sport role learning consists of three main elements, "significant others", "personal attributes", "socialization situations". Data for this study were collected by a mailed questionnaire to hockey team players (286 males) with assistance of team managers. The main findings were as follows : 1) A large number of the players had started hockey after entering high school. 2) About 70% of the players had started hockey at the school sports club. 3) Over 50% of the players had experience in sport-transfer. 4) The influence of senior team members, friends and teachers was stronger than the father\u27s influence in terms of socialization into hockey

主体的社会化論に関する一考察 : ジュニアヨット選手の活動開始時に着目して

The purpose of this study was to examine subjective sport socialization through classification of socializing reasons. Subjective sport socialization is important to get involvement activity. There are two socialization types. One is passive socialization, and the other is positive socialization. Authoer classified and compared the passive and the posive socialization. The data of this study were collected by a questionnaire mailed to 1276 children who belonged to junior yacht clubs in Japan from August to September in 1996. The main finding were as follows : 1) About 50% of the children had started yachting due to their parent\u27s encouragement, and few children started yachting without any encouragement from others. 2) The family influences were stronger than the friend\u27s to get started yaching. About 50% of resons to get started yachting were concerned with parents and about 20% were concerned with siblings, and 10% were concerned with friends. There are few reasons concerned about trial ride and yachting environment. 3) The children seemd to socialized passively were took a force from parents and there is no differencies among age and sex. 4) It is important reason to see the yachting for positive socialization. But there are few children motived by themself, so they started yachting through interaction with others