Nationwide Survival Benefit after Implementation of First-Line Immunotherapy for Patients with Advanced NSCLC—Real World Efficacy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The expected change in overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the clinical implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has not been substantially investigated in large real-world cohorts outside randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In this nationwide study, we compared OS before and after the implementation of ICI and found that 3-year OS tripled from 6% to 18%. Patients receiving ICI had a lower OS than demonstrated in RCTs, except for patients with performance status (PS) 0. More than a fifth of the patients progressed early within the first six ICI cycles. Adverse prognostic factors were PS ≥ 1 and metastases to the bone and liver. ABSTRACT: Background The selection of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains challenging. This real-world study aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) before and after the implementation of ICIs, to identify OS prognostic factors, and to assess treatment data in first-line (1L) ICI-treated patients without epidermal growth factor receptor mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation. Methods Data from the Danish NSCLC population initiated with 1L palliative antineoplastic treatment from 1 January 2013 to 1 October 2018, were extracted from the Danish Lung Cancer Registry (DLCR). Long-term survival and median OS pre- and post-approval of 1L ICI were compared. From electronic health records, additional clinical and treatment data were obtained for ICI-treated patients from 1 March 2017 to 1 October 2018. Results The OS was significantly improved in the DLCR post-approval cohort (n = 2055) compared to the pre-approval cohort (n = 1658). The 3-year OS rates were 18% (95% CI 15.6–20.0) and 6% (95% CI 5.1–7.4), respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, bone (HR = 1.63) and liver metastases (HR = 1.47), performance status (PS) 1 (HR = 1.86), and PS ≥ 2 (HR = 2.19) were significantly associated with poor OS in ICI-treated patients. Conclusion OS significantly improved in patients with advanced NSCLC after ICI implementation in Denmark. In ICI-treated patients, PS ≥ 1, and bone and liver metastases were associated with a worse prognosis

Meeting Point: methods and spaces for the flipped classroom

Desarrollo de programas formativos centrados en los estudiantes gracias a la mejora de la calidad de los recursos materiales y del personal docente e investigador.Vicerrectorado de CalidadFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Referencia exofórica y estereotipos lingüísticos : una aproximación sociocognitiva a la variación alofónica libre en el lenguaje natural

En esta tesis se considera la variación dialectal en función de categorías prototípicas, y se presta especial atención al papel que en las imágenes centrales de las mismas juegan los contrastes alofónicos. Una de las hipótesis es que nuestros entorno social se categoriza en esquemas y subesquemas del mismo modo que nuestro entorno natural y que la necesidad de diferenciación social a la vez crea la necesidad de representaciones simbólicas lingüísticas y no lingüísticas, abstracciones en relación a las cuales se sitúan Oyente y Hablante. En la dimensión lingüística, estos puntos de referencia cognitivos - o "estereotipos lingüísticos" según una reconsideración positiva de esta noción - estarían formados por variantes, o conjuntos de variantes, que resultan tanto perceptualmente distintivas como funcionalmente exclusivas. Se argumenta qu een el plano lingüístico de la fonética la existencia, o creación, de contrastes a nivel intrafonémico (prototipos a un nivel de abstración más específica) es un factor que opera simultáneamente con principios de categorización fonémica como la semblanza de familia y los contrastes entre los miembros centrales de categorías colindantes. Se argumenta simismo que la información encilopédica de éstas variantes no centrales juega un papel importante en el cambio lingüístico y se propone que la variación socioregional ocupe un papel más central en el área específica de la Fonología Cognitiv

The sociolinguistics and Pragmatics of Borrowing. Introduction

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On non-reductionist intercultural pragmatics and methodological procedure

© 2007 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. All rights reserved. Intercultural Pragmatics constitutes a promising field of research within the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics. However, the methodological and analytical procedures implemented in cross-cultural linguistics of a Cognitive Linguistic persuasion could still be upgraded. Taking current NSM-based analyses as our starting-point, in this paper we argue that a truly usage-based analysis in the domain of intercultural pragmatics must take a number of methodological, descriptive, and theoretical refinements into account, and particularly, that the reductionist characteristics of the Wierzbickian perspective need to be avoided in favor of an approach that is firmly grounded in empirical research.status: publishe

Introduction. Onomasiological, methodological and phraseological perspectives on lexical borrowing

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