12,861 research outputs found
Determining topological order from a local ground state correlation function
Topological insulators are physically distinguishable from normal insulators
only near edges and defects, while in the bulk there is no clear signature to
their topological order. In this work we show that the Z index of topological
insulators and the Z index of the integer quantum Hall effect manifest
themselves locally. We do so by providing an algorithm for determining these
indices from a local equal time ground-state correlation function at any
convenient boundary conditions. Our procedure is unaffected by the presence of
disorder and can be naturally generalized to include weak interactions. The
locality of these topological indices implies bulk-edge correspondence theorem.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Major changes: the paper was divided into
sections, the locality of the order in 3D topological insulators is also
discusse
Softly broken supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories: Renormalization and non-renormalization theorems
We present a minimal version for the renormalization of softly broken
Super-Yang-Mills theories using the extended model with a local gauge coupling.
It is shown that the non-renormalization theorems of the case with unbroken
supersymmetry are valid without modifications and that the renormalization of
soft-breaking parameters is completely governed by the renormalization of the
supersymmetric parameters. The symmetry identities in the present context are
peculiar, since the extended model contains two anomalies: the Adler-Bardeen
anomaly of the axial current and an anomaly of supersymmetry in the presence of
the local gauge coupling. From the anomalous symmetries we derive the exact
all-order expressions for the beta functions of the gauge coupling and of the
soft-breaking parameters. They generalize earlier results to arbitrary
normalization conditions and imply the NSVZ expressions for a specific
normalization condition on the coupling.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, v2: one reference adde
Evaluation of Ocean Color Scanner (OCS) photographic and digital data: Santa Barbara Channel test site, 29 October 1975 overflight
A summary of Ocean Color Scanner data was examined to evaluate detection and discrimination capabilities of the system for marine resources, oil pollution and man-made sea surface targets of opportunity in the Santa Barbara Channel. Assessment of the utility of OCS for the determination of sediment transport patterns along the coastal zone was a secondary goal. Data products provided 1975 overflight were in digital and analog formats. In evaluating the OCS data, automated and manual procedures were employed. A total of four channels of data in digital format were analyzed, as well as three channels of color combined imagery, and four channels of black and white imagery. In addition, 1:120,000 scale color infrared imagery acquired simultaneously with the OCS data were provided for comparative analysis purposes
Reinventing spacetime on a dynamical hypersurface
In braneworld models, Space-Time-Matter and other Kaluza-Klein theories, our
spacetime is devised as a four-dimensional hypersurface {\it orthogonal} to the
extra dimension in a five-dimensional bulk. We show that the FRW line element
can be "reinvented" on a dynamical four-dimensional hypersurface, which is {\it
not} orthogonal to the extra dimension, without any internal contradiction.
This hypersurface is selected by the requirement of continuity of the metric
and depends explicitly on the evolution of the extra dimension. The main
difference between the "conventional" FRW, on an orthogonal hypersurface, and
the new one is that the later contains higher-dimensional modifications to the
regular matter density and pressure in 4D. We compare the evolution of the
spacetime in these two interpretations. We find that a wealth of "new" physics
can be derived from a five-dimensional metric if it is interpreted on a
dynamical (non-orthogonal) 4D hypersurface. In particular, in the context of a
well-known cosmological metric in , we construct a FRW model which is
consistent with the late accelerated expansion of the universe, while fitting
simultaneously the observational data for the deceleration parameter. The model
predicts an effective equation of state for the universe, which is consistent
with observations.Comment: References added to the Introduction, and Abstract modified. Accepted
for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett.
Quantum Operation Time Reversal
The dynamics of an open quantum system can be described by a quantum
operation, a linear, complete positive map of operators. Here, I exhibit a
compact expression for the time reversal of a quantum operation, which is
closely analogous to the time reversal of a classical Markov transition matrix.
Since open quantum dynamics are stochastic, and not, in general, deterministic,
the time reversal is not, in general, an inversion of the dynamics. Rather, the
system relaxes towards equilibrium in both the forward and reverse time
directions. The probability of a quantum trajectory and the conjugate, time
reversed trajectory are related by the heat exchanged with the environment.Comment: 4 page
Gravitational Wave Burst Source Direction Estimation using Time and Amplitude Information
In this article we study two problems that arise when using timing and
amplitude estimates from a network of interferometers (IFOs) to evaluate the
direction of an incident gravitational wave burst (GWB). First, we discuss an
angular bias in the least squares timing-based approach that becomes
increasingly relevant for moderate to low signal-to-noise ratios. We show how
estimates of the arrival time uncertainties in each detector can be used to
correct this bias. We also introduce a stand alone parameter estimation
algorithm that can improve the arrival time estimation and provide
root-sum-squared strain amplitude (hrss) values for each site. In the second
part of the paper we discuss how to resolve the directional ambiguity that
arises from observations in three non co-located interferometers between the
true source location and its mirror image across the plane containing the
detectors. We introduce a new, exact relationship among the hrss values at the
three sites that, for sufficiently large signal amplitudes, determines the true
source direction regardless of whether or not the signal is linearly polarized.
Both the algorithm estimating arrival times, arrival time uncertainties, and
hrss values and the directional follow-up can be applied to any set of
gravitational wave candidates observed in a network of three non co-located
interferometers. As a case study we test the methods on simulated waveforms
embedded in simulations of the noise of the LIGO and Virgo detectors at design
sensitivity.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, submitted to PR
Noncommutative spin-1/2 representations
In this letter we apply the methods of our previous paper hep-th/0108045 to
noncommutative fermions. We show that the fermions form a spin-1/2
representation of the Lorentz algebra. The covariant splitting of the conformal
transformations into a field-dependent part and a \theta-part implies the
Seiberg-Witten differential equations for the fermions.Comment: 7 pages, LaTe
Back Reaction of Hawking Radiation on Black Hole Geometry
We propose a model for the geometry of a dynamical spherical shell in which
the metric is asymptotically Schwarzschild, but deviates from Ricci-flatness in
a finite neighbourhood of the shell. Hence, the geometry corresponds to a
`hairy' black hole, with the hair originating on the shell. The metric is
regular for an infalling shell, but it bifurcates, leading to two disconnected
Schwarzschild-like spacetime geometries. The shell is interpreted as either
collapsing matter or as Hawking radiation, depending on whether or not the
shell is infalling or outgoing. In this model, the Hawking radiation results
from tunnelling between the two geometries. Using this model, the back reaction
correction from Hawking radiation is calculated.Comment: Latex file, 15 pages, 4 figures enclosed, uses eps
Application of advanced technologies to small, short-haul transport aircraft (STAT)
The benefits of selected advanced technologies for 19 and 30 passenger, short-haul aircraft were identified. Advanced technologies were investigated in four areas: aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, and ride quality. Configuration sensitivity studies were conducted to show design tradeoffs associated with passenger capacity, cabin comfort level, and design field length
Quantum reference frames and deformed symmetries
In the context of constrained quantum mechanics, reference systems are used
to construct relational observables that are invariant under the action of the
symmetry group. Upon measurement of a relational observable, the reference
system undergoes an unavoidable measurement "back-action" that modifies its
properties. In a quantum-gravitational setting, it has been argued that such a
back-action may produce effects that are described at an effective level as a
form of deformed (or doubly) special relativity. We examine this possibility
using a simple constrained system that has been extensively studied in the
context of quantum information. While our conclusions support the idea of a
symmetry deformation, they also reveal a host of other effects that may be
relevant to the context of quantum gravity, and could potentially conceal the
symmetry deformation.Comment: 11 pages, revtex. Comments are welcom
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