Methodological Approach to Measure the Quality of Life of the Region’s Population

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the regional development, i.e. to the development of methodological tools to evaluate the quality of life of the population in the region. The article considers the concept of “quality of life”, and the terms related thereto; and substantiate the author’s position with respect to the concept. The existing domestic and foreign approaches to evaluate the quality of life of the population were analyzed, and the application of the comprehensive approach was reasoned within this study. The criteria for evaluation of the quality of life of the population were distinguished. The authors proposed the methodological approach that considers not only objective indicators of the quality of life presented in the statistical reports of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, but also employs subjective evaluations of the local population enabling more appropriate evaluation of the quality of life in the region. The methodological tools of the research include mathematical methods of statistical data processing and online survey of the population about the level of satisfaction with various aspects of their life. The methodological tools were tested using the example of the Sverdlovsk Region that is characterized both by the steady improvement of statistical indicators of the quality of life and by low satisfaction of population with certain aspects of the quality of life, which generally decreases the integrated indicator of the quality of life despite positive dynamics of social and economic development of the region and vigorous social policy of the regional authorities. The proposed methodology was used in the evaluation of the quality of life of the Sverdlovsk Region population as part of the development of the Concept of comprehensive regional program “New quality of life of Ural residents” (Decree of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region No. 45-UG dated January 29, 2014 “On the Concept of the life quality improvement for the Sverdlovsk Region population before 2030 year — “New quality of life of Ural residents”).The article has been prepared with the support of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 15-06-09169 “Development of methodical measurement tools and evaluation of the impact of social, economic, medical and demographic factors on mortality rates of working-age population”

The methodology of food design. Part 2. Digital nutritiology in personal food

Atherosclerosis (the main cause of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases) and other multifactorial diseases depend on several nutrition factors, defined in general by lifestyle that directly and constantly affects the human body. The modern level of science and technology development is able to form a diet, taking into account all personal characteristics in such a way that makes nutrition an effective preventive measure against diseases in order to keep a person healthy. The purpose of this article is to define and study all the limitations (the scope of its coverage in the scientific literature) that arose in the process of research aimed to formation of an integrated personal approach to designing of nutrition to prevent atherosclerosis. The object of the study was scientific literature, which is available in open source and free access databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.RU, www.fips.ru, Patentscope. The language of search is Russian and English, search depth is 12 years. In the course of the research two food design concepts were found that affect process of digitalization in the food sector: the concept “FoodTech” (food technology) and digital nutritiology. It was established that in Russia only one company — LLC “City Supermarket” (Moscow), that works with the brand “Azbuka Vkusa” — acts in the sphere of “FoodTech” on the Russian market. This company selects personalized food, taking into account the results of personal nutrigenetic tests, in cooperation with LLC “Genotech” (Moscow). There is a need to use biological information, statistical information processing (nutrigenetic studies, nutrigenomic research) and machine-aided data processing (machine learning) for further generation of automatic algorithm that compiles personal recommendations. The relevance of generation of a national domestic database on chemical composition of food products (presented in the market) to simplify the preparation of individual personal diets is observed. We underline the necessity to use the test-organisms, i. e. dorio fish / zebrafish (Danio rerio) and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans)), which were used to determine the activity of candidate substances — the biologically active substances that feature antiatherosclerotic properties. In the future the authors plan to conduct a nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic study, using digital achievements. To collect information about consumers, it is necessary to apply digital devices, and use biological informatics to process the results; after that it is necessary to generate the algorithm for automatic selection of personalized dietary recommendations

RESULTS OF RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES ON DETECTION OF BABESIOSIS FOCI IN THE IRKUTSK REGION

This article contains results of reconnaissance studies intended to find foci of babesia in the Irkutsk region. Babesia DNA were founded in two types of ticks (I. persulcatus, H. concinna) in the three districts of the Irkutsk region (Ekhirit-Bulagatsky, Irkutsky, Shelekhovsky). The analysis of 1220 nr length nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA gene of five Babesia samples was conducted. It was shown that the identified Babesia sequenced differ from previously known, and refer to the two genetic groups. The first group included babesia, genetically most similar to the sheep pathogen Babesia crassa, second contains sample, nucleotide sequence of which is significantly different from all known (less than 95 % homology)

Formation and Study of Properties of Ta and Mo Nanocluster Films

In this article, the results of studies of thin-film samples of nanoclusters of tantalum and molybdenum metals on the surface of silicon dioxide SiO2 /Si (001) at room temperature are presented. The chemical composition and electronic structure of the obtained nanocluster films of Ta and Mo were controlled in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Susceptibility to oxidation during the exposure to the atmosphere of then nanocluster films, as well as their thermal stability when heated in a vacuum to 600∘C were studied ex situ by the XPS method. The size and shape of the nanoclusters composing the film were estimated ex situ by analyzing images obtained with a scanning electron microscope. The band structure before and after oxidation was studied by measuring the bandgap of the formed Ta and Mo films by the method of electron energy loss characteristic spectroscopy (REELS). Conclusions about thermoelectric properties of the formed nanocluster films of Ta and Mo were made

Municipal solid waste management in some countries of the world

The aim of the study is both an analysis of existing basic solutions and innovations in the field of municipal solid waste management and new developments by domestic authors. The main research method was environmental monitoring in the impact zone of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. In the process of monitoring, the properties of the soils of the landfill bases were studied by testing them and further laboratory studies of lithological and mineral compositions, moisture and density, filtration and other characteristics. As a result, the following were established: the dependence of soil water permeability on particle size distribution, lithological, organ mineral compositions and the degree of their heterogeneity; maximum minimum-required thickness of screening soils at the base of MSW landfills in the Middle Urals. The established dependences of the engineering and geological characteristics of soils make it possible to use them as natural impervious screens, which can be successfully applied in other regions under similar conditions. Among the constructive solutions in the field of municipal solid waste management, the developments of domestic scientists, which were tested in the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Sverdlovsk regions, are considered. Some of them relate to environmental protection in the area affected by landfills, while others are aimed at optimizing the operation of such landfills. The optimization technology consists in combining the operation and reconstruction cycles of municipal solid waste landfills within their land allotment. It allows involving previously unused materials into circulation and obtaining insulating material from "old-year"waste. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences

Features of model coronaviruses distribution in feline organs and tissues in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis study

To date, the reisreason to believe that, unlike classical a cuterespiratory virusinfections caused by adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, COVID-19 behaves completely differently. Firstly, the pathological process esare likely to be immune-mediated and the immun esystem quites lowly ensurest heelimination of the virus from the organism. Secondly, the dynamics of the diseases ymptom development and the duration of intestinal virusshedding after recovery give reason to believe that theSARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly localizedin the intestine. A possible reason isthat in the presence of proteolyticenzymes, viral particlesmature, hydrophilic aminoacids are removed from the surface of the virion, making it more hydrophobic and able to ad here to cells due to hydrophobic interactions. The presence of the ACE2 recept or mainly in the enterocytes of the ileumdoes not exclude the accumulation of coronavirusin lymphocytes, given that there are more lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract than anywhere else, this fact can beconsidered as another justification for the predominant accumulation of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 in the intestine. A distinctive feature of feline coronavirus infection and, in particular, infectious feline peritonitis, from human COVID-19 infection was considered to be the presence of effusion peritonitis as the main complication leading to death, while respiratory and card iovascular in sufficiency is more characteristic for humans. Never the less, cases of serous peritonitis in humans infected with COVID-19 have already been described. In the context of the analyzed model, theclinical case describedin the study allows principal possibility of exacerbation of chronic coronavirus infection in caseof re-infection (superinfection) and development of apredominantlylocal infection

Activity cycles of late-type stars

Рассмотрены методы и результаты исследования холодных пятен, хромосферных неоднородностей, вспышечной активности и их долговременных изменений у звезд поздних спектральных классов.We considered methods and results of the observations of long-term variations of stellar spots, chromospheric inhomogeneities, and flare activity on late-type stars.Работа А. В. Кожевниковой выполнена при финансовой поддержке государства в лице Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (базовая часть госзадания, РК № АААА-А17-117030310283-7), а также Правительства Российской Федерации (постановление № 211, контракт №02.A03.21.0006).Работа И. Ю. Алексеева выполнена в рамках плановой темы ФГБУН КрАО РАН «Магнитные поля и эволюция магнитной активности звезд».Работа О. В. Козловой и И. Ю. Алексеева частично выполнена в рамках проекта «Активность звезд поздних спектральных классов на разных стадиях эволюции» (грант РФФИ 16-02-00689)