1,724 research outputs found
High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: A Tool for Identification of Polymorphic and Modified Linker Histone Components
The Importance of Material Flow Analysis for Commodity Transport Demand and Modelling
It can be shown that generated and attracted transport volumes, measured in tons, are closely related to direct material input (DMI). However, structural changes and new logistics concepts still lead to an increase of transportation performance. Therefore, the paper at hand aims to explain the scales of freight transport volumes (measured in tons) and performance (measured in ton-kilometers) from material flow analysis by additionally taking into account information from physical input-output tables. In so doing, effects of changing final demand on transport indicators can be identified. But while input-output tables give a good idea about technological processes, important information on the transport chain is missing. For this reason, the macroscopic approach of input-output analysis is supported by a microscopic analysis on freight transport markets and modern logistic concepts.
Conceptualizing, observing and influencing socio-ecological transitions
This article creates a meeting ground between two distinct and fairly elaborate research traditions dealing with social ātransitionsā: the Dutch societal transitions management approach, and the Viennese sociometabolic transitions approach. Sharing a similar understanding of sustainability transitionsānamely as major transformational changes of system characteristicsāand a background epistemology of complex systems, autopoeisis, and evolutionary mechanisms, they address the subject from different angles: one approach asks how transformative changes happen and what they look like, and the other approach tries answer the question of how to bring them about. The Viennese approach is almost exclusively analytical and deals with a macro (ālandscapeā) level of human history with a time scale of decades to centuries; the Dutch approach is based on intervention experiences and deals with a shorter time frame (decades) of microāmesoāmacro levels of industrial societies. From both their respective angles, they contribute to some of the key questions of sustainability research, namely: how can a transformative change toward sustainability be distinguished from other types of social change? By which mechanisms can obstacles, path dependencies, and adverse interests be overcome? And what are the key persistent problems that call for such a transition
Kombinirana metoda suŔenja mrkve s prethodnom obradom ultrazvukom
In this paper the kinetics of osmotic dehydration of carrot and the influence of this pretreatment on the post-drying processes and the quality of obtained products are analysed. Osmotic dehydration was carried out in the aqueous fructose solution in two different ways: with and without ultrasound assistance. In the first part of the research, the kinetics of osmotic dehydration was analysed on the basis of osmotic dewatering rate, water loss and solid gain. Next, the effective time of dehydration was determined and in the second part of research samples were initially dehydrated for 30 min and dried. Five different procedures of drying were established on the grounds of convective method enhanced with microwave and infrared radiation. The influence of osmotic dehydration on the drying kinetics and final product quality was analysed. It was found that it did not influence the drying kinetics significantly but positively affected the final product quality. Negligible influence on the drying kinetics was attributed to solid uptake, which may block the pores, hindering heat and mass transfer. It was also concluded that the application of microwave
and/or infrared radiation during convective drying significantly
influenced the kinetics of the final stage of drying. A proper combination of aforementioned techniques of hybrid drying allows reducing the drying time. Differences between the particular dehydration methods and drying schedules were discussed.U radu su ispitani sljedeÄi parametri: kinetika osmotskog suÅ”enja mrkve i utjecaj tog prethodnog postupka obrade na procese dosuÅ”ivanja i kakvoÄu dobivenog proizvoda. Osmotsko je suÅ”enje provedeno u vodenoj otopini fruktoze na dva naÄina, pomoÄu ultrazvuka ili bez njega. U prvom je dijelu istraživanja odreÄena kinetika osmotskog suÅ”enja prema brzini suÅ”enja, gubitku vlage i poveÄanju mase suhe tvari. Zatim je odreÄeno efektivno vrijeme suÅ”enja, a u drugom su dijelu ispitivanja uzorci suÅ”eni nakon 30 min predsuÅ”enja. Odabrano je pet postupaka konvektivnog suÅ”enja pomoÄu mikrovalova i infracrvenog zraÄenja. UtvrÄeno je da prethodno osmotsko suÅ”enje nije bitno utjecalo na kinetiku suÅ”enja, ali da je poboljÅ”alo kakvoÄu dobivenog proizvoda. Nakupljanje Äestica suhe tvari može zaÄepiti pore membrane i sprijeÄiti prijenos topline i mase, no neznatno utjeÄe na kinetiku suÅ”enja. ZakljuÄeno je da primjena mikrovalova i/ili infracrvenog zraÄenja tijekom konvektivnog suÅ”enja bitno mijenja kinetiku zavrÅ”ne faze suÅ”enja. Optimalnom kombinacijom navedenih metoda skraÄuje se vrijeme suÅ”enja. U radu se raspravlja i o razlikama izmeÄu razliÄitih metoda i vremena suÅ”enja
Stolica Apostolska wobec organizacji miÄdzynarodowych za pontyfikatu Piusa XI
During the pontificate of Pius XII, the international relations of the Holy See gained scale and momentum, which was connected with the then development of international organisations. The article focuses on those relations.ArtykuÅ skupia siÄ na dziaÅalnoÅci organizacji miÄdzynarodowych za pontyfikatu Piusa X
Fast Agreement in Networks with Byzantine Nodes
We study Consensus in synchronous networks with arbitrary connected topologies. Nodes may be faulty, in the sense of either Byzantine or proneness to crashing. Let t denote a known upper bound on the number of faulty nodes, and D_s denote a maximum diameter of a network obtained by removing up to s nodes, assuming the network is (s+1)-connected. We give an algorithm for Consensus running in time t + D_{2t} with nodes subject to Byzantine faults. We show that, for any algorithm solving Consensus for Byzantine nodes, there is a network G and an execution of the algorithm on this network that takes ?(t + D_{2t}) rounds. We give an algorithm solving Consensus in t + D_{t} communication rounds with Byzantine nodes using authenticated messages of polynomial size. We show that for any numbers t and d > 4, there exists a network G and an algorithm solving Consensus with Byzantine nodes using authenticated messages in fewer than t + 3 rounds on G, but all algorithms solving Consensus without message authentication require at least t + d rounds on G. This separates Consensus with Byzantine nodes from Consensus with Byzantine nodes using message authentication, with respect to asymptotic time performance in networks of arbitrary connected topologies, which is unlike complete networks. Let f denote the number of failures actually occurring in an execution and unknown to the nodes. We develop an algorithm solving Consensus against crash failures and running in time ?(f + D_{f}), assuming only that nodes know their names and can differentiate among ports; this algorithm is also communication-efficient, by using messages of size ?(mlog n), where n is the number of nodes and m is the number of edges. We give a lower bound t+D_t-2 on the running time of any deterministic solution to Consensus in (t+1)-connected networks, if t nodes may crash
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